Abstract. The first molecular phylogeny of Lynceus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata) is presented together with a description of a new species of laevicaudatan branchiopod from Chile, Lynceus huentelauquensis, sp. nov. DNA sequences were obtained from six species of Lynceus using freshly collected specimens from Europe, North America, South America, and Australia and combined with GenBank sequences from previous studies. Specimens of the new species were collected from a pool on the Huentelauquén Plains near Huentelauquén City. Our molecular analyses placed L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. within Lynceus and close to a cluster of Australian species, and revealed morphological misidentifications, cross-contamination, or incorrect upload in earlier GenBank sequences. L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. is separated from other Lynceus primarily by the morphology of the rostrum and the male claspers. L. huentelauquensis, sp. nov. is the first described laevicaudatan from Chile, the sixth from South America, and the 13th from the Americas. The morphology of laevicaudatans from the Americas is reviewed and an updated key to the (male) Lynceidae of the region is provided. Our study highlights the necessity of a revision of Laevicaudata using multiple genetic markers as well as thorough morphological studies on a greater number of taxa.

中文翻译：

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Laevicaudata（甲壳纲：Branchipoda）的第一个分子系统发育，描述了来自智利的 Lynceus 新物种和美洲物种的更新密钥

摘要。Lynceus（甲壳纲：Branchiopoda：Laevicaudata）的第一个分子系统发育与来自智利的Lynceus Huentelauquensis，sp。十一月 使用从欧洲、北美、南美和澳大利亚新鲜采集的标本，并结合先前研究的 GenBank 序列，从六种 Lynceus 中获得 DNA 序列。新物种的标本是从 Huentelauquén 市附近 Huentelauquén 平原的一个水池中收集的。我们的分子分析将 L. Huentelauquensis, sp。十一月 在 Lynceus 内并靠近一组澳大利亚物种，并揭示了早期 GenBank 序列中的形态错误识别、交叉污染或错误上传。L. Huentelauquensis, sp. 十一月 主要通过讲台和雄性扣环的形态与其他 Lynceus 分开。L. Huentelauquensis, sp. 十一月 是第一个被描述的来自智利的 laevicaudatan，第六个来自南美洲，第 13 个来自美洲。审查了来自美洲的 laevicaudatans 的形态，并提供了该地区（雄性）Lynceidae 的更新密钥。我们的研究强调了使用多个遗传标记以及对更多分类群进行彻底的形态学研究来修订 Laevicaudata 的必要性。