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Trends of Coastal Sea Level Between 1993 and 2015: Imprints of Atmospheric Forcing and Oceanic Chaos
Surveys in Geophysics ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10712-019-09571-7
Thierry Penduff , William Llovel , Sally Close , Ixetl Garcia-Gomez , Stéphanie Leroux

The observation and simulation of the variability of coastal sea level are impacted by various uncertainties, such as measurement errors and sampling biases, unresolved processes, and model and forcing biases. Ocean model simulations suggest that another uncertainty should be taken into account for the attribution of sea-level changes. Global ocean simulations indeed show that resolving mesoscale turbulence (even partly) promotes the emergence of low-frequency (LF) chaotic intrinsic variability (CIV) which causes substantial random fluctuations of sea level up to multiple decades in eddy-active regions of the world ocean. This random LFCIV is superimposed on the atmospherically forced (or simply “forced”) fluctuations, which are directly controlled by the atmospheric variability. We show from a large ensemble of global oceanic hindcasts that this multi-decadal LFCIV leaves a substantial imprint on the long-term trends (1993–2015) of coastal sea level: over 17–20% of the global ocean coastal area, in particular along the coastlines of the northwestern Pacific and Indian Oceans, and around the Gulf of Mexico, random sea-level trends may blur their atmospherically forced counterpart, such that simulated (and potentially observed) coastal sea-level trends cannot be unambiguously attributed to atmospheric or anthropic causes. The steric and manometric sea-level change contributions of these uncertainties are discussed, suggesting that they mostly come from the manometric sea-level trends near the coasts.

中文翻译:

1993 年至 2015 年沿海海平面趋势:大气强迫和海洋混沌的印记

沿海海平面变化的观测和模拟受到各种不确定因素的影响,例如测量误差和采样偏差、未解决的过程以及模式和强迫偏差。海洋模型模拟表明,对于海平面变化的归因,应考虑另一个不确定性。全球海洋模拟确实表明,解决中尺度湍流(甚至部分)促进了低频 (LF) 混沌内在变异性 (CIV) 的出现,这会导致世界海洋涡旋活跃区域的海平面随机波动长达数十年. 这种随机 LFCIV 叠加在大气强迫(或简称“强迫”)波动上,后者直接受大气变率控制。我们从大量的全球海洋后报中表明,这种长达数十年的 LFCIV 对沿海海平面的长期趋势(1993-2015 年)产生了重大影响:超过 17-20% 的全球海洋沿海地区,特别是沿着西北太平洋和印度洋的海岸线以及墨西哥湾周围,随机的海平面趋势可能会模糊它们的大气强迫对应物,因此模拟的(和可能观察到的)沿海海平面趋势不能明确地归因于大气或人为原因。讨论了这些不确定性对空间和测压海平面变化的贡献,表明它们主要来自海岸附近的测压海平面趋势。超过 17% 到 20% 的全球海洋沿海地区,特别是沿西北太平洋和印度洋的海岸线,以及墨西哥湾周围,随机的海平面趋势可能会模糊它们的大气强迫对应物,这样模拟的(和潜在的)观察到)沿海海平面趋势不能明确归因于大气或人为原因。讨论了这些不确定性对空间和测压海平面变化的贡献,表明它们主要来自海岸附近的测压海平面趋势。超过 17% 到 20% 的全球海洋沿海地区,特别是沿西北太平洋和印度洋的海岸线,以及墨西哥湾周围,随机的海平面趋势可能会模糊它们的大气强迫对应物,这样模拟的(和潜在的)观察到)沿海海平面趋势不能明确归因于大气或人为原因。讨论了这些不确定性对空间和测压海平面变化的贡献,表明它们主要来自海岸附近的测压海平面趋势。因此,模拟(和可能观察到的)沿海海平面趋势不能明确归因于大气或人为原因。讨论了这些不确定性对空间和测压海平面变化的贡献,表明它们主要来自海岸附近的测压海平面趋势。因此,模拟(和可能观察到的)沿海海平面趋势不能明确归因于大气或人为原因。讨论了这些不确定性对空间和测压海平面变化的贡献,表明它们主要来自海岸附近的测压海平面趋势。
更新日期:2019-10-11
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