Currently there is little natural recruitment of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Upper Columbia River located in British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA. This review of life history, physiology, and behavior of white sturgeon, along with data from recent toxicological studies, suggest that trace metals, especially Cu, affect survival and behavior of early life stage fish. Sturgeon free embryos, first feeding embryos, and mixed feeding embryos utilize interstitial spaces between gravel. Although concentrations of Cu in the water column of the Upper Columbia River are typically less than US water quality criteria defined to protect aquatic life, samples at the sediment–water interface were as large as 24 µg/L and exceed the criteria. Toxicological studies reviewed here demonstrate mortality, loss of equilibrium, and immobility at Cu concentrations of 1.5 to <16 µg/L and reduced swimming activity was documented at 0.88 to 7 μg/L. Contaminated invertebrates and slag particles provide other routes of exposure. These additional routes of exposure can cause indirect effects from starvation due to potential lack of prey items and ingestion of contaminated prey or slag particles. The lack of food in stomachs during these critical early life stages may coincide with a threshold “point of no return” at which sturgeon will be unable to survive even if food becomes available following that early time frame. These findings become especially important as work progresses to enhance white sturgeon recruitment in the Upper Columbia River. To date, decisions against including trace metals as a factor in sturgeon recovery have focused on surface‐water concentrations and measurements of lethality (LC50) to establish threshold concentrations for sturgeon sensitivity. However, information provided here suggests that measurements from the sediment–water interface and effect concentrations (EC50) be considered with white sturgeon life history characteristics. These data support minimizing Cu exposure risk to enhance a successful white sturgeon recovery effort. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:378–391. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain inthe USA.

中文翻译：

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上游哥伦比亚河中的铜浓度是白St鱼招募和恢复的限制因素。

目前几乎没有自然招募白st（Acipenser transmontanus）位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省和美国华盛顿的上哥伦比亚河。本文回顾了白st的生活史，生理学和行为，以及最近的毒理学研究数据表明，微量金属，尤其是铜，会影响早期鱼类的生存和行为。无鱼的胚胎，首次进食的胚胎和混合进食的胚胎利用了砾石之间的间隙。尽管上哥伦比亚河水柱中的铜浓度通常低于为保护水生生物而定义的美国水质标准，但沉积物-水界面的样品高达24 µg / L，并超过了标准。此处回顾的毒理学研究表明，当Cu浓度为1.5至< 记录为16微克/升，游泳活动减少，为0.88至7微克/升。受污染的无脊椎动物和炉渣颗粒提供了其他暴露途径。这些额外的暴露途径可能会因缺乏猎物以及摄入被污染的猎物或矿渣颗粒而导致饥饿造成的间接影响。在这些关键的早期生命阶段中，胃中食物的缺乏可能与阈值“无归来”相吻合，即使在该早期时间之后仍然可以获得食物，st鱼也将无法生存。随着工作的进行，以增强上哥伦比亚河白white的招募工作，这些发现变得尤为重要。至今，禁止将微量金属作为st鱼恢复因素的决定集中在地表水浓度和致死率（LC50）的测量上，以建立st鱼敏感性的阈值浓度。但是，这里提供的信息表明，从沉积物-水界面和作用浓度（EC50）的测量结果应考虑白white生活史特征。这些数据支持将铜暴露风险降至最低，以增强成功的白white鱼恢复工作。Integr环境评估管理2020； 16：378-391。出版于2020年。本文是美国政府的工作，在美国属于公共领域。