Quaking rich fens dominated by boreal semi-aquatic brown-mosses such as Scorpidium scorpioides and Calliergon trifarium are extremely rare in the Carpathians. These fens harbour endangered species persisting at few localities in the region. However, their phytosociological classification has not been sufficiently solved yet, because they lack Sphagnum species as well as calcicole species characteristic for the Caricion davallianae alliance. A recent pan-European synthesis on fen vegetation suggests that these fens belong to the Stygio-Caricion limosae alliance (boreal rich fen vegetation). The isolated occurrence of this alliance southward of the boreal zone and outside the Alps is rather exceptional and might represent a relict from an early post-glacial period. In this study, we compared phytosociological data for the Stygio-Caricion limosae alliance between Northern Europe and the Carpathians plus adjacent regions (the Bohemian Massif, the Dinaric Alps) using NMDS and cluster analysis. We found that the species composition of brown-moss quaking rich fens in Central and Southeastern Europe corresponds well with that in Northern Europe, confirming their assignment to Stygio-Caricion limosae. We further reconstructed the potential past distribution of the alliance in Czech Republic and Slovakia using available floristic and macrofossil data. Macrofossil data suggest that this vegetation type had been much more common in Central Europe and that today it persists only in ancient fens, showing the long-term stability of environmental conditions. The main causes of its present-day rarity are Middle-Holocene woodland phases in fens and recent water table decreases caused by anthropogenic deterioration of the water regime in the landscape.

中文翻译：

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喀尔巴阡山脉和邻近地区的北方褐苔藓的遗迹发生

在喀尔巴阡山脉中，以北半球半水生褐苔藓（如 Scorpidium scorpioides 和 Calliergon trifarium）为主的颤动丰富的沼泽极为罕见。这些沼泽地栖息着濒临灭绝的物种，这些物种在该地区的少数地方仍然存在。然而，它们的植物社会学分类尚未得到充分解决，因为它们缺乏泥炭藓物种以及 Caricion davallianae 联盟特有的 calcicole 物种。最近关于沼泽植被的泛欧综合表明这些沼泽属于 Stygio-Caricion limosae 联盟（北方富含沼泽植物）。这种联盟在北方地区以南和阿尔卑斯山之外的孤立出现是相当特殊的，可能代表了早期冰河时期的遗迹。在这项研究中，我们使用 NMDS 和聚类分析比较了北欧与喀尔巴阡山脉和邻近地区（波西米亚地块、迪那利克阿尔卑斯山）之间的 Stygio-Caricion limosae 联盟的植物社会学数据。我们发现中欧和东南欧富含褐苔藓的物种组成与北欧的物种组成非常吻合，证实了它们属于 Stygio-Caricion limosae。我们使用可用的植物区系和大型化石数据进一步重建了该联盟在捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的潜在过去分布。Macrofossil 数据表明，这种植被类型在中欧更为常见，今天它只存在于古老的沼泽中，表明环境条件的长期稳定性。