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A global inventory of mountains for bio-geographical applications
Alpine Botany ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2016-12-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s00035-016-0182-6
Christian Körner , Walter Jetz , Jens Paulsen , Davnah Payne , Katrin Rudmann-Maurer , Eva M. Spehn

Mountains are hotspots of biodiversity. Yet, evaluating their importance in global biodiversity inventories requires the adoption of a pertinent definition of mountains. Here, we first compare the well-established WCMC and GMBA definitions, which both use geographical information systems. We show that the WCMC approach arrives at twice the global mountain area and much higher human population numbers than the GMBA one, which is explained by the inclusion of (mostly) low latitude hill country below 600 m elevation. We then present an inventory of the world’s mountains based on the GMBA definition. In this inventory, each of the 1003 entries corresponds to a polygon drawn around a mountain or a mountain range and includes the name of the delineated object, the area of mountainous terrain it covers stratified into different bioclimatic belts (all at 2.5′ resolution), and demographic information. Taken together, the 1003 polygons cover 13.8 Mio km2 of mountain terrain, of which 3.3 Mio km2 are in the alpine and nival belts. This corresponds to 83.7% of the global mountain area sensu GMBA, and 94% of the alpine/nival area. The 386 Mio people inhabiting mountainous terrain within polygons represent 75% of the people globally inhabiting mountains sensu GMBA. This inventory offers a robust framework for the integration of mountain biota in regional and larger scale biodiversity assessments, for biogeography, bioclimatology, macroecology, and conservation research, and for the exploration of a multitude of socio-ecological and climate change-related research questions in mountain biota, including the potential pressure on alpine ecosystems.

中文翻译:

用于生物地理应用的全球山脉清单

山区是生物多样性的热点。但是,要评估它们在全球生物多样性清单中的重要性,就需要采用相关的山脉定义。在这里,我们首先比较完善的WCMC和GMBA定义,它们均使用地理信息系统。我们表明,WCMC方法到达的是全球山区的两倍,而人口数量比GMBA高得多,这可以通过包括(主要是)海拔600 m以下的低纬度山区国家来解释。然后,我们根据GMBA定义给出世界山脉的清单。在此清单中,每1003个条目都对应于围绕山脉或山脉绘制的多边形,并包括所描绘对象的名称,它覆盖的山区地形分为不同的生物气候带(均为2.5'分辨率)和人口统计信息。总共1003个多边形覆盖13.8 Mio km2处高山地形,其中3.3 Mio km 2位于高山和雪山带。这相当于全球山区sensu GMBA的83.7%,以及高山/雪地面积的94%。在多边形内居住于山区的386个Mio人占全球sensu GMBA居住的全球人口的75%。该清单为将山区生物群纳入区域和大规模生物多样性评估,生物地理学,生物气候学,宏观生态学和保护性研究,以及探索与社会生态学和气候变化有关的众多研究问题提供了强有力的框架。山区生物区系,包括对高山生态系统的潜在压力。
更新日期:2016-12-19
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