ABSTRACT Practices, perceptions, beliefs, and other forms of relationships between rural inhabitants and fungi have scarcely been studied in Patagonia. In this work, we analyze species richness, cultural importance, and modes of use of wild edible fungi in five Mapuche communities in northwest Patagonia of Argentina. Through an ethnobiological approach, we carried out semistructured interviews, walks in forests, and participant observations. Data were analyzed qualitative and quantitatively. Community members collected 17 species in environments with different degrees of human disturbance that they consumed fresh in situ, after some processing or stored for later consumption or trade. Indigenous morels such as Morchella aff. tridentina, M. aff. septimelata, and an unidentified species of Morchella had the greatest cultural importance at the regional level, followed by the exotic Suillus luteus and the native Cyttaria hariotti. Most of these species were frequently mentioned as having commercial value, continuity of use over time, and outstanding organoleptic properties. The remaining species currently have occasional use. The differential use of edible fungi, practices, transferences, and resignifications, as well as new technologies for storage, were analyzed. Regional knowledge about fungi reflects important features of Mapuche tradition but also the process of change in responding to complex and dynamic socioeconomic and ecological contexts.

中文翻译：

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阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚马普切群落的传统真菌学知识和变化过程：对 Nothofagaceae 森林野生食用菌的研究

摘要 巴塔哥尼亚几乎没有研究农村居民与真菌之间的实践、观念、信仰和其他形式的关系。在这项工作中，我们分析了阿根廷西北部巴塔哥尼亚的五个马普切​​社区的物种丰富度、文化重要性和野生食用菌的使用方式。通过民族生物学方法，我们进行了半结构化访谈、森林漫步和参与观察。对数据进行定性和定量分析。社区成员在不同程度的人为干扰的环境中采集了 17 种物种，他们在原地新鲜食用，经过一些加工或储存以供以后消费或贸易。本土羊肚菌，如羊肚菌。Tridentina, M. aff. 隔板，在区域层面上，一种未鉴定的羊肚菌具有最大的文化重要性，其次是异国情调的牛肝菌和本地的 Cyttaria hariotti。这些物种中的大多数经常被提及具有商业价值、长期使用的连续性和出色的感官特性。其余物种目前偶尔使用。分析了食用菌的差异化使用、做法、转移和重新定义，以及储存新技术。关于真菌的区域知识反映了马普切传统的重要特征，也反映了响应复杂和动态的社会经济和生态环境的变化过程。随着时间的推移使用的连续性，以及出色的感官特性。其余物种目前偶尔使用。分析了食用菌的差异化使用、做法、转移和重新定义，以及储存新技术。关于真菌的区域知识反映了马普切传统的重要特征，也反映了响应复杂和动态的社会经济和生态环境的变化过程。随着时间的推移使用的连续性，以及出色的感官特性。其余物种目前偶尔使用。分析了食用菌的差异化使用、做法、转移和重新定义，以及储存新技术。关于真菌的区域知识反映了马普切传统的重要特征，也反映了响应复杂和动态的社会经济和生态环境的变化过程。