In this paper, it is discussed the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a wildland fire-behavior module (WRF-Fire model) by the observational data collected in an experiment with a low-intensity prescribed fire (LIPF) conducted in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (NJPB) on March 6, 2012. The sensitivity experiments of the WRF-Fire model are carried out to investigate the interactions between the wildland fire and the atmospheric planetary boundary layer. The two-way WRF-Fire model conofigured with fire and large eddy simulation (LES) mode is used to explore the fire characteristics of perimeter shape, intensity, spread direction and external factors of wind speed, and to discuss how these external parameters affect the fire, and the interactions between the atmosphere and fire. Results show that the sensitive experiments can provide the meteorological elements close to observations, such as the temperatures, winds and turbulent kinetic energy near the surface in the vicinity of the fire. The simulations also can reproduce the fire spread shape and speed, fire intensity, and heat flux released from fire. From the view of energy, the heat flux feed back to the atmospheric model and heat the air near the surface, which will induce strong thermal and dynamic instability causing strong horizontal convergence and updraft, and form the fire-induced convective boundary layer. The updraft will be tilted downstream of the fire area based on the height of the ambient winds. Due to the effect of the this updrafts, the particles and heat from the fuel combustion can be transported to the downwind and lateral regions of the fire area. Meanwhile, there is a downdraft flow with higher momentum nearby the fire line transporting fresh oxygen to the near surface, which will increase winds behind the fire line, accelerate the rate of spread (ROS) and make the fire spread to a larger area. Ultimately, a fire-induced climate is established.

中文翻译：

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WRF-Fire模块对当地荒地火灾的敏感性实验

本文通过在低强度规定火（LIPF）实验中收集的观测数据，讨论了结合了荒地火灾行为模块（WRF-Fire模型）的天气研究与预测（WRF）模型的性能）于2012年3月6日在新泽西州的松树贫瘠之地（NJPB）进行。WRF-Fire模型的敏感性实验旨在研究野火与大气行星边界层之间的相互作用。结合火灾和大涡模拟（LES）模式配置的双向WRF-Fire模型用于探索周长形状，强度，传播方向和风速外部因素的火灾特征，并讨论这些外部参数如何影响风速。火，以及大气与火之间的相互作用。结果表明，灵敏的实验可以提供接近观测的气象要素，例如火附近表面附近的温度，风和湍动能。模拟还可以重现火势蔓延的形状和速度，火势以及从火中释放出来的热通量。从能量的角度来看，热通量反馈到大气模型并加热地表附近的空气，这将引起强烈的热和动态不稳定性，从而引起强烈的水平会聚和上升气流，并形成由火引起的对流边界层。上升气流将根据周围风的高度向着火区域的下游倾斜。由于这种上升气流的作用，来自燃料燃烧的颗粒和热量可以被传送到着火区域的顺风和侧向区域。同时，在火线附近有向下动量较高的动量，将新鲜的氧气输送到近地表，这将增加火线后面的风，加快扩散速度（ROS），并使火势蔓延到更大的区域。最终，建立起了火灾引起的气候。