Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) is an agricultural pest of wide geographic distribution infesting a vast list of host species in America. However, little is known about the past geographic distribution of this species. In this study, we investigated the potential past and current distribution of species in South America. In this sense, the MaxEnt algorithm was used to model the ecological niche of the species in the past (Last Interglcial Maximum; Last Glacial Maximum) and current periods. The results suggested that under the current climatic conditions, A. obliqua showed high environmental suitability to become established in most South American countries, especially in Brazil. The lowest suitability indices were observed in Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. The past analysis for Last Glacial Maximum revealed that there was no significant change in the distribution potential of the species when compared to the current model; however, in the Last Interglacial Maximum period, there was a large reduction in the areas of suitability for the species when compared to the current and Last Glacial Maximum distribution models. The analysis also revealed vast areas of refuges for the species mainly on the coast of Brazil, as well as Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, and Surinam. The results presented here may be useful for future phylogeographical studies in order to test if the refuge areas concentrate greater genetic diversity for this species. In addition, our study provides important information for understanding the current dynamics of A. obliqua, which may be useful for control programs in places where this species can become a pest.

中文翻译：

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南美果蝇Anastrepha obliqua（Diptera：Tephritidae）的过去和当前的势能分布

Anastrepha obliqua（Macquart）是一种农业害虫，地理分布广泛，在美国感染了大量寄主物种。但是，对该物种的过去地理分布知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了南美物种潜在的过去和当前分布。从这个意义上讲，MaxEnt算法用于模拟过去（最近的最大交配期；最近的最大冰川期）和当前时期物种的生态位。结果表明，在目前的气候条件下，斜叶农杆菌在大多数南美国家（尤其是巴西）中确立了高度的环境适应性。在智利，阿根廷和乌拉圭观察到最低的适用性指数。过去对“最后冰川期”的分析表明，与当前模型相比，该物种的分布潜力没有明显变化。但是，在最后一次冰期最大值时期，与当前和最后一次冰期最大值分布模型相比，该物种的适用面积大大减少了。分析还显示，该物种主要在巴西海岸以及委内瑞拉，玻利维亚，圭亚那和苏里南的避难所面积很大。这里介绍的结果对于将来的地理学研究可能有用，以便测试避难所区域是否集中了该物种更大的遗传多样性。此外，我们的研究还提供了重要的信息，可帮助您了解当前的动态斜纹夜蛾，对于该物种可能成为害虫的地方的控制计划可能有用。