Neonatal neurocritical care is an evolving subsubspecialty whose goal is to implement neuroprotective care strategies, continuous bedside monitoring of neurologic function, and therapies in order to reduce the risk of neurologic injury and improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates who require intensive care. The provision of neonatal neurocritical care requires a culture change across a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in which equal importance is placed on the neurologic care and the cardiorespiratory care of a given patient. It is a multidisciplinary framework of care in which neonatologist and pediatric neurologist come together to address the unique needs of NICU patients whose brains are still developing and are vulnerable to injury. Advances in bedside brain monitoring techniques and the use of therapeutic hypothermia for Hupoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy have accelerated the development of NeuroNICUs across the United States and abroad. Neonatologists, neurologists, neurophysiologists, nurses, and other ancillary members of the team work together to develop guidelines for commonly encountered neurological conditions in the NICU. The use of these guidelines helps provide standardized care across a unit and can reduce morbidity and length of hospital stay.

新生儿神经重症监护是一个不断发展的亚专业，其目标是实施神经保护性护理策略，对神经功能进行床边连续监测以及治疗，以减少需要重症监护的新生儿的神经系统损伤风险并改善长期神经发育结局。新生儿神经重症监护的提供需要新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的文化变革，其中对给定患者的神经病学护理和心肺护理同等重要。它是一个多学科的护理框架，新生儿科医生和儿科神经病学家汇聚一堂，以解决大脑仍在发育且易受伤害的NICU患者的独特需求。床边脑部监测技术的进步以及用于低氧血症性缺血性脑病的治疗性低温疗法的使用，已在美国和国外加速了NeuroNICU的发展。新生儿科医生，神经科医生，神经生理学家，护士和其他辅助成员共同努力，为NICU中常见的神经系统疾病制定指南。这些准则的使用有助于在整个单位内提供标准化的护理，并可以减少发病率和住院时间。