Abstract

The elevational distribution of 100 alien plant species in the mountainous part of the Western Caucasus is considered. They include herbaceous (59%) and arboreous (41%) plants. Most of the plants originate from North America and East Asia; 57% are cultivated plants. The maximum species richness is concentrated in the lower zones of mountains with a more favorable climate, high population density, and significant human impact. With an increase in the elevation above sea level, their number decreases. This is typical of the majority of mountain systems in the temperate zone. Only 17 alien species are present above 1000 m a.s.l. They are mainly accidentally introduced annual herbaceous plants of North American origin. Most of them are widespread in the Western Caucasus, in many regions of Russia, and in Europe. Above the timberline in the subalpine belt (2000 m a.s.l.), one species is noted—Matricaria suaveolens. The differences in the elevational distribution of alien species on the southern (Black Sea) and northern (Kuban) macroslopes of the Western Caucasus are shown. It has been suggested that the import of diaspores with materials used in the construction and reconstruction of roads and the building of tourist infrastructure and other objects is the main way of penetration of alien species into the upper mountain belts of the region.

中文翻译：

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高加索西部外来植物物种的高空分布

摘要

考虑了西高加索山区的100种外来植物物种的海拔分布。它们包括草本植物（59％）和树状植物（41％）。大多数植物来自北美和东亚。57％是栽培植物。最大的物种丰富度集中在山区，气候更有利，人口密度更高且对人类影响重大。随着海拔高度的增加，它们的数量减少。这是温带地区大多数山地系统的典型特征。在海拔1000 m asl上仅存在17种外来物种。它们主要是北美地区意外引入的一年生草本植物。其中大多数分布在西高加索地区，俄罗斯许多地区和欧洲。母菊。显示了西部高加索地区南坡（黑海）和北部（库班）外来物种的海拔分布差异。有人提出，用建造和改建公路以及建设旅游基础设施和其他物体所用的材料进口大孔孢子是外来物种进入该地区上部山区的主要途径。