This work addresses motivation for participating in volunteered geographic information systems (VGIS), which enable a crowdsourcing process to create information-driven value. VGIS, implemented by executing a project and its crowdsourcing strategy, are driven by online networked community participation enabled by a technological infrastructure. However, without community engagement, crowdsourcing, the core process of a VGIS, fails to create value and its main advantage becomes one of its biggest challenges. To address this problem, we present a conceptual framework to assist in designing engagement strategies to motivate and facilitate goal-oriented participation. To this end, we examine the relation between Maslow’s human needs and VGI, its different goals, and current studies on motivation. We analyze intrinsic and internalized motivation, focusing on the needs outlined in self-determination theory. Finally, we apply Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation in relation to VGI. As a result, the proposed framework consists of three design tools: core drivers, participant types to whom efforts to motivate should be aligned with the project rationale, and an engagement process consisting of three main actions: Enroll, Grow and Retain. With this framework, future VGIS developments can have a structured approach that guides participation and the design of engagement strategies.

中文翻译：

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需求，驱动力，参与者和参与行动：激励对自愿性地理信息系统做出贡献的框架

这项工作解决了参与自愿性地理信息系统（VGIS）的动机，该系统使众包过程能够创造信息驱动的价值。通过执行项目及其众包策略实施的VGIS是由技术基础架构支持的在线网络社区参与所驱动的。但是，没有社区的参与，众包是VGIS的核心流程，无法创造价值，其主要优势成为其最大的挑战之一。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个概念框架，以协助设计参与策略，以激励和促进面向目标的参与。为此，我们研究了马斯洛的人类需求与VGI，其不同目标以及当前动机研究之间的关系。我们分析内在动机和内在动机，关注自决理论中概述的需求。最后，我们将Vroom的动机期望理论应用于VGI。因此，建议的框架包含三个设计工具：核心驱动力，应激励他们的参与者类型应与项目基本原理保持一致，并且参与过程应包括三个主要动作：注册，成长和保留。通过此框架，未来的VGIS开发可以采用结构化的方法来指导参与和参与策略的设计。