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Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain
Exposure and Health ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s12403-019-00330-y
Manus Carey , Caroline Meharg , Paul Williams , Ernest Marwa , Xiao Jiujin , Júlia Gomes Farias , P. Mangala C. S. De Silva , Antonio Signes-Pastor , Ying Lu , Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso , Laurie Savage , Katrina Campbell , Christopher Elliott , Eureka Adomako , Andy J. Green , Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez , Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina , Eridha Ayu Triwardhani , Febbyandi Isanda Pandiangan , Parvez I. Haris , Youssef F. Lawgali , Alessia Sommella , Massimo Pigna , Catherine Brabet , Didier Montet , Keston Njira , Michael J. Watts , Andrew A. Meharg

Arsenic in rice grain is dominated by two species: the carcinogen inorganic arsenic (the sum of arsenate and arsenite) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Rice is the dominant source of inorganic arsenic into the human diet. As such, there is a need to identify sources of low-inorganic arsenic rice globally. Here we surveyed polished (white) rice across representative regions of rice production globally for arsenic speciation. In total 1180 samples were analysed from 29 distinct sampling zones, across 6 continents. For inorganic arsenic the global \(\tilde{x}\) was 66 μg/kg, and for DMA this figure was 21 μg/kg. DMA was more variable, ranging from < 2 to 690 μg/kg, while inorganic arsenic ranged from < 2 to 399 μg/kg. It was found that inorganic arsenic dominated when grain sum of species was < 100 μg/kg, with DMA dominating at higher concentrations. There was considerable regional variance in grain arsenic speciation, particularly in DMA where temperate production regions had higher concentrations. Inorganic arsenic concentrations were relatively consistent across temperate, subtropical and northern hemisphere tropical regions. It was only in southern hemisphere tropical regions, in the eastern hemisphere that low-grain inorganic arsenic is found, namely East Africa (\(\tilde{x}\) < 10 μg/kg) and the Southern Indonesian islands (\(\tilde{x}\) < 20 μg/kg). Southern hemisphere South American rice was universally high in inorganic arsenic, the reason for which needs further exploration.



中文翻译:

低无机砷大米的全球采购

稻米中的砷主要有两种:致癌物无机砷(砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐之和)和二甲基砷酸(DMA)。大米是人类饮食中无机砷的主要来源。因此,有必要在全球范围内确定低无机砷大米的来源。在这里,我们调查了全球代表性稻米生产地区的精制(白)稻米中的砷形态。总共分析了来自6大洲29个不同采样区域的1180个样本。对于无机砷,全局\(\ tilde {x} \)为66μg/ kg,对于DMA,该数字为21μg/ kg。DMA的变化范围更大,范围从<2至690μg/ kg,而无机砷的范围从<2至399μg/ kg。研究发现,当物种的谷物总和小于100μg/ kg时,无机砷占主导地位,而DMA的浓度更高。谷物砷的形态存在很大的区域差异,尤其是在温带产区浓度较高的DMA中。温带,亚热带和北半球热带地区的无机砷浓度相对一致。仅在南半球的热带地区,东半球发现了低颗粒的无机砷,即东非(\(\ tilde {x} \)  <10μg/ kg)和印度尼西亚南部岛屿(\(\波浪号{x} \) <20μg/ kg)。南半球南美大米的无机砷含量普遍较高,其原因有待进一步探讨。

更新日期:2019-11-12
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