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Diversification and distribution patterns of Luzula sect. Luzula (Juncaceae) in the Eastern Alps: a cytogenetic approach combined with extensive herbarium revisions
Alpine Botany ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s00035-019-00219-1
Tinka Bačič , Jasna Dolenc Koce , Božo Frajman

Polyploidisation—and, additionally, agmatoploidy (concerted fission of chromosomes) in some plant groups—have significantly contributed to the diversification of alpine plant species. Both processes have driven the diversification of Luzula sect. Luzula, leading to a number of different karyotypes, rendering it one of the most intricate plant groups in the Alps. For the Eastern Alps eight species with six karyotypes were reported, but their distribution is insufficiently known. A herbarium revision of 1044 specimens revealed that L. alpina, L. campestris, L. exspectata, L. multiflora and L. sudetica are widespread across the Eastern Alps; L. exspectata is thus new for the Northern Alps and new for Germany, France and possibly Croatia. Luzula divulgata is distributed in the easternmost Alps and adjacent areas, with only a few indications for the western Eastern Alps. Luzula divulgatiformis is new for the Alps where it was recorded in the Southern Alps and southerly adjacent areas. Luzula campestris, L. divulgata and L. divulgatiformis are distributed from lowlands to the montane belt, L. alpina, L. exspectata and L. sudetica are high-elevation species and L. multiflora occurs from lowlands to the alpine belt. Additionally, we estimated genome size (GS) and karyotypes for 20 populations and revealed four karyotypes corresponding to three ploidy levels. The GS of diploid L. exspectata and L. sudetica was 0.83 pg DNA, tetraploid L. alpina had a double (1.63 pg) and hexaploid L. multiflora a triple (2.48 pg) GS. Our study underlines the importance of large-scale herbarium revisions of intricate taxa, combined with cytological methods, even in well-studied mountain areas such as the Alps and poses new hypotheses regarding the evolution of this polyploid–agmatoploid group.

中文翻译:

卢祖拉教派的多元化和分布格局。东阿尔卑斯山的卢祖拉(菊科):一种细胞遗传学方法,结合大量的植物标本室修订

多倍体化,以及某些植物群中的团聚体(染色体的裂变),极大地促进了高山植物种类的多样化。这两个过程都推动了卢祖拉教派的多样化。Luzula导致许多不同的核型,使其成为阿尔卑斯山中最复杂的植物群之一。据报道,东阿尔卑斯山有8种具有6个核型的物种,但是它们的分布却知之甚少。1044个标本的标本馆修订透露,属高山羽扇豆L. exspectataL.野蔷薇L. sudetica是跨越阿尔卑斯山脉东部普遍;因此,L。exspectata对北阿尔卑斯山来说是新的,对德国,法国甚至克罗地亚来说也是新的。Luzula divulgata分布在最东端的阿尔卑斯山和邻近地区,只有少量迹象表明东阿尔卑斯山西部。Luzula divulgatiformis对阿尔卑斯山来说是新的,在南部阿尔卑斯山和南部邻近地区有记载。地杨梅L. divulgataL. divulgatiformis从低地到山地带分布,L.高山,L. exspectataL. sudetica都是高海拔物种和L.野蔷薇从低地到高山带。此外,我们估计了20个种群的基因组大小(GS)和核型,并揭示了对应于三个倍性水平的四个核型。二倍体L. s。spectticataL. sudetica的GS为0.83 pg DNA,四倍体L. alpina的GS为两倍(1.63 pg),六倍体L. multiflora的GS为三倍(2.48 pg)。我们的研究强调了即使在经过充分研究的山区(如阿尔卑斯山),也要结合细胞学方法对复杂的分类单元进行大规模植物标本馆修订的重要性,并提出了有关该多倍体-全人类类群进化的新假设。
更新日期:2019-06-29
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