Global change affected by multiple factors, the consequences of which continue to be far-reaching, has the characteristics of large spatial scale and long-time scale. The demand for Earth observation technology has been increasing for large-scale simultaneous observations and stable global observation over the long-term. A Moon-based observation platform, which uses sensors on the nearside lunar surface, is considered a reasonable solution. However, owing to a lack of appropriate processing methods for optical sensor data, global change study using this platform is not sufficient. This paper proposes two optical sensor imaging processing methods for the Moon-based platform: area imaging processing method (AIPM) and global imaging processing method (GIPM), primarily considering global change characteristics, optical sensor performance, and motion law of the Moon-based platform. First, the study proposes a simulation theory which includes the construction of a Moon-Sun elevation angle model and a global image mosaicking method. Then, coverage images of both image processing methods are simulated, and their features are quantitatively analyzed. Finally, potential applications are discussed. Results show that AIPM, whose coverage is mainly affected by lunar revolution, is approximately between 0% and 50% with a period of 29.5 days, which can help the study of large-scale instant change phenomena. GIPM, whose coverage is affected by Earth revolution, is conducive to the study of long term global-scale phenomena because of its sustained stable observation from 67°N-67°S on the Earth. AIPM and GIPM have great advantages in Earth observation of tripolar regions. The existence of top of the atmosphere (TOA) albedo balance line is verified from the GIPM perspective. These two imaging methods play a significant role in linking observations acquired from the Moon-based platform to Earth large-scale geoscience phenomena, and thus lay a foundation for using this platform to capture global environmental changes and new discoveries.

中文翻译：

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用于全球变化研究的基于月球的地球观测光学图像处理方法的仿真

受多种因素影响的全球变化的后果仍然是深远的，具有大的空间规模和长期的规模。长期以来，对于大规模同时观测和稳定的全球观测，对地球观测技术的需求一直在增长。基于月球的观测平台被认为是合理的解决方案，该平台在月球近侧使用传感器。但是，由于缺乏合适的光学传感器数据处理方法，因此使用该平台进行全球变化研究还不够。本文针对月球平台提出了两种光学传感器成像处理方法：区域成像处理方法（AIPM）和全局成像处理方法（GIPM），主要考虑了全局变化特征，光学传感器性能，和基于月球的平台的运动定律。首先，研究提出了一种模拟理论，其中包括建立月亮-太阳仰角模型和整体图像镶嵌方法。然后，模拟两种图像处理方法的覆盖图像，并对其特征进行定量分析。最后，讨论了潜在的应用。结果表明，AIPM的覆盖范围主要受月球公转的影响，大约为0％到50％之间，为29.5天，可以帮助研究大规模的瞬时变化现象。GIPM的覆盖范围受到地球革命的影响，由于它在地球上67°N-67°S范围内持续稳定的观测，因此有助于研究长期的全球尺度现象。AIPM和GIPM在三极地区的地球观测中具有很大的优势。从GIPM角度验证了大气顶（TOA）反照率平衡线的存在。这两种成像方法在将从月球平台获得的观测结果与地球大规模地球科学现象联系起来方面发挥了重要作用，从而为使用该平台捕获全球环境变化和新发现奠定了基础。