Cavitation phenomenon reduces hydraulic performance and creates vibration and noise, which seriously affects the safety and stability of system operation.¹,² The configuration of cavitation can be divided into five categories: bubble cavitation, sheet cavitation, cloud cavitation, super cavitation, and vortex cavitation. Considering the intense unsteady flow characteristics of cavitation, cloud cavitation is the most harmful to equipment. Previous research has shown that the re-entrant jet is responsible for cloud cavitation shedding. Instantaneous high pressure can occur in the position of collapsing bubble, producing a strong shock wave which causes damage to the surface of the blade and forms cavitation erosion.^3–7

中文翻译：

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注水孔布置对空化流控制影响的数值研究

气蚀现象降低了水力性能并产生振动和噪声，严重影响系统运行的安全性和稳定性。¹ , ²空化的形态可分为五类：气泡空化、片状空化、云状空化、超级空化和涡流空化。考虑到空化强烈的非定常流动特性，云空化对设备的危害最大。先前的研究表明，再入射流是造成云空化脱落的原因。气泡溃灭处会产生瞬时高压，产生强烈的冲击波，对叶片表面造成损伤，形成空蚀。^3-7