To enhance its national energy security, the government of Ukraine has adopted many energy polices since 1989. Unfortunately, most of these policies have proved to be unsuccessful. The country’s energy supply is still highly dependent on fossil fuel imports. This paper provides a comprehensive review on Ukraine’s challenges from economic, social, political, and environmental aspects that are related to energy and carbon emission policies. An empirical methodology is used to analyze the energy situation and project energy demand by 2050. A new roadmap of energy investments is made from 2035–2050 with an objective of decarbonizing the Ukrainian energy system by 2050. Such roadmap is in line with the global commitments to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45% over the next decade and to achieving net zero emissions by 2050. This article recommends 12 polices for the government ranging from stopping subsidy to fossil energy to accounting environment costs in fossil energy consumption, levying taxes on polluters, privatizing government–owned companies to adapt the Euopean Union (EU) energy systems, and terminating gas import from Russia. If these proposed energy policies are successfully implemented, the Ukrainian fossil fuel-based energy system will be transformed to a highly efficient energy system with zero-carbon emissions by 2050.

为了加强国家能源安全，乌克兰政府自1989年以来采用了许多能源政策。不幸的是，大多数这些政策都被证明是不成功的。该国的能源供应仍然高度依赖化石燃料的进口。本文就与能源和碳排放政策有关的经济，社会，政治和环境方面的乌克兰挑战进行了全面回顾。一种经验方法用于分析2050年之前的能源状况和预计的能源需求。制定了2035年至2050年的新能源投资路线图，目标是到2050年使乌克兰的能源系统脱碳。该路线图符合全球承诺在未来十年内将温室气体排放量减少45％，并在2050年之前实现净零排放。本文为政府推荐了12种政策，从停止补贴化石能源到核算化石能源消耗中的环境成本，向污染者征税，将国有企业私有化以适应Euopean Union（EU）能源系统以及终止天然气进口俄国。如果这些拟议的能源政策得到成功实施，那么到2050年，基于化石燃料的乌克兰能源系统将转变为零碳排放的高效能源系统。