Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated using nanosize of the dye sensitizer (Alizarin Yellow, AY) that was prepared by ball milling. The particle size and the composition of nano-Alizarin Yellow (nAY) was investigated using TEM and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, respectively. The effect of sensitizer size reduction on DSSC efficiency was studied. Co3O4 as a semiconductor in DSSC was prepared and confirmed by XRD. Also, composite of TiO2 and Co3O4 was used to improve the DSSC efficiency. In addition, the effect of terpineol as a solvent was tested. Photocurrent–photovoltage curves of all prepared DSSCs were investigated. Finally, to test the validity of the results, standard error was calculated.

中文翻译：

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TiO ₂和Co ₃ O ₄共半导体和纳米敏化剂对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的双重影响

使用纳米尺寸的通过球磨制备的染料敏化剂（Alizarin Yellow，AY）制造了染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）。分别使用TEM和1H-和13C-NMR光谱研究了纳米茜素黄（nAY）的粒径和组成。研究了敏化剂尺寸减小对DSSC效率的影响。制备了在DSSC中作为半导体的Co3O4并通过XRD确认。此外，使用TiO2和Co3O4的复合材料来提高DSSC效率。另外，测试了松油醇作为溶剂的效果。研究了所有准备好的DSSC的光电流-光电压曲线。最后，为了测试结果的有效性，计算了标准误差。