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Intergroup Competition Enhances Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) In-group Cohesion
International Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00112-y
L. Samuni , A. Mielke , A. Preis , C. Crockford , R. M. Wittig

In-group cohesion is an essential component of successful intergroup competition in both human and nonhuman animals, likely facilitating group members access to potential benefits. However, when benefits are equally shared among group members, group defense becomes a collective action problem, which might subvert cohesive participation during intergroup competition. There is a lack of consensus across studies and species with regard to the link between in-group cohesion and intergroup competition, likely as a result of species differences in managing the collective action problem. Here, we examine this link in a species with a striking example of collective action during intergroup competition, chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ). Using two years of focal-follow data on males and females in two groups at the Taï Forest, Côte d’Ivoire, we investigated the immediate and long-term effects of intergroup competition (border patrols and intergroup encounters) on measures of in-group cohesion, namely modularity, party size, and intergroup aggression. We found that groups’ association patterns were less modular (more cohesive) in months in which they engaged in more border patrols and intergroup encounters. We found that current and greater prior engagement in intergroup competition predicted larger party sizes. Furthermore, current, but not prior engagement in intergroup competition, predicted reduced intragroup aggression by males but not by females. Increased in-group cohesion in chimpanzees likely reduces potential costs of intergroup competition engagement, by facilitating joint participation in current and future intergroup conflicts, overcoming the collective action problem.

中文翻译:

群际竞争增强黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes verus)群内凝聚力

群体内凝聚力是人类和非人类动物群体间成功竞争的重要组成部分,可能有助于群体成员获得潜在利益。然而,当利益在群体成员之间平等分享时,群体防御成为一个集体行动问题,这可能会破坏群体间竞争中的凝聚力参与。关于群体内凝聚力和群体间竞争之间的联系,研究和物种之间缺乏共识,这可能是由于物种在管理集体行动问题方面存在差异。在这里,我们通过群际竞争中集体行动的一个显着例子来研究一个物种中的这种联系,即黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes verus)。使用科特迪瓦 Taï Forest 两组男性和女性的两年焦点追踪数据,我们调查了群体间竞争(边境巡逻和群体间相遇)对群体内凝聚力的测量的直接和长期影响,即模块性、聚会规模和群体间侵略。我们发现,在他们参与更多边境巡逻和群体间接触的几个月中,群体的关联模式不太模块化(更具凝聚力)。我们发现,当前和更多的先前参与群体间竞争预示着更大的派对规模。此外,当前而非先前参与的组间竞争预测男性会减少组内攻击,但不会减少女性。通过促进共同参与当前和未来的群体间冲突,克服集体行动问题,黑猩猩群体内凝聚力的增加可能会降低群体间竞争参与的潜在成本。
更新日期:2019-12-18
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