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Bioerosion in fossil cephalopods: a case study from the Upper Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry Lagerstätte, Oklahoma, USA
Facies ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10347-018-0547-y
Barbara Seuss , Alexander Nützel

The mid-Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian–Virgilian) deposits from the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry Lagerstätte near Sulphur, Oklahoma, are characterized by siliciclastic–carbonate rocks. One of these deposits is the ‘cephalopod coquina’ that contains a large amount of orthocerid and coiled nautiloid, and ammonoid shell remains. These were used for a detailed study on bioerosion in cephalopod shells in order to help in the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and to increase the general knowledge on bioerosion in fossil cephalopods. More than 50 shell fragments were cast and investigated. The shells cast and investigated in this study comprise a diverse set of ichnotaxa-/forms. Besides chlorophyte and cyanobacterial traces, also rhodophyte, fungal, and spongal traces are present as well as those of unknown origin. In addition, there are six ichnoforms that might have foraminiferans as producers. In orthoceratids, Ichnoreticulina elegans and a curly morphotype of Scolecia isp. are most common while the abundance in coiled cephalopods is dominated by the ‘superthin form’, the ‘extremely thin form’, and Flagrichnus profundus. In total, 22 ichnotaxa and -forms were recognized and 12 of these have their oldest record in the Carboniferous. The succession of ichnotaxa/-forms in the casts of orthocones suggests deposition in the deep euphotic to dysphotic zone of the Buckhorn sea while shells of coiled specimens had drifted for a while; they were therefore more prone to bioerosion by autotrophs until they sank to the seafloor.

中文翻译:

化石头足类动物的生物侵蚀:来自美国俄克拉荷马州拉格施泰特上石炭纪 Buckhorn 沥青采石场的案例研究

来自俄克拉荷马州硫磺附近的巴克霍恩沥青采石场 Lagerstätte 的宾夕法尼亚中期(Desmoinesian-Virgilian)矿床以硅质碎屑-碳酸盐岩为特征。这些沉积物之一是“头足类动物”,其中包含大量的正畸科动物和盘绕鹦鹉螺类,以及菊石类贝壳残骸。这些被用于头足类动物外壳生物侵蚀的详细研究,以帮助重建古环境并增加关于化石头足类生物侵蚀的一般知识。铸造和调查了 50 多个炮弹碎片。在这项研究中铸造和研究的贝壳包括一组不同的 ichnotaxa-/ 形式。除了叶绿体和蓝藻痕迹外,还存在红藻、真菌和海绵状痕迹以及来源不明的痕迹。此外,有六种可能以有孔虫作为生产者的鱼类。在 orthoceratids 中,Ichnoreticulina elegans 和 Solecia isp 的卷曲形态。最常见,而盘绕头足类动物的丰度主要由“超薄型”、“极薄型”和 Flagrichnus profundus 主导。总共识别出 22 种 ichnotaxa 和 -forms,其中 12 种在石炭纪有最古老的记录。正锥体模型中的 ichnotaxa/-形式的连续性表明,沉积在巴克霍恩海深部透光区至透光区,而盘绕标本的贝壳已经漂流了一段时间;因此,它们更容易受到自养生物的生物侵蚀,直到它们沉入海底。最常见,而盘绕头足类动物的丰度主要由“超薄型”、“极薄型”和 Flagrichnus profundus 主导。总共识别出 22 种 ichnotaxa 和 -forms,其中 12 种在石炭纪有最古老的记录。正锥体模型中 ichnotaxa/-形式的连续性表明在巴克霍恩海深部透光区到弱光区的沉积,而盘绕标本的贝壳已经漂流了一段时间;因此,它们更容易受到自养生物的生物侵蚀,直到它们沉入海底。最常见,而盘绕头足类动物的丰度主要由“超薄型”、“极薄型”和 Flagrichnus profundus 主导。总共识别出 22 种 ichnotaxa 和 -forms,其中 12 种在石炭纪有最古老的记录。正锥体模型中的 ichnotaxa/-形式的连续性表明,沉积在巴克霍恩海深部透光区至透光区,而盘绕标本的贝壳已经漂流了一段时间;因此,它们更容易受到自养生物的生物侵蚀,直到它们沉入海底。正锥体模型中的 ichnotaxa/-形式的连续性表明,沉积在巴克霍恩海深部透光区至透光区,而盘绕标本的贝壳已经漂流了一段时间;因此,它们更容易受到自养生物的生物侵蚀,直到它们沉入海底。正锥体模型中的 ichnotaxa/-形式的连续性表明,沉积在巴克霍恩海深部透光区至透光区,而盘绕标本的贝壳已经漂流了一段时间;因此,它们更容易受到自养生物的生物侵蚀,直到它们沉入海底。
更新日期:2019-01-10
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