This review includes the congenital infections best known by the acronym TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes virus), as well as Zika virus infection and perinatally acquired infections (enterovirus, parechovirus, rotavirus, parvovirus). Congenital infections are due to pathogens that can cross the placenta and are more likely to injure the brain when the infection occurs early in pregnancy. There are many similarities, with regards to brain lesions, for congenital Zika syndrome and congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Perinatally acquired viral infections tend to injure the white matter, with cystic evolution being more likely in the (late) preterm infant compared to the full-term infant. Congenital and perinatally acquired viral infections can be associated with adverse neurological outcomes. Prevention is important, especially as therapeutic options are limited. In this review both congenital as well as perinatally acquired viral infections will be discussed with a focus on neuro-imaging findings.

这篇评论包括首字母缩写词TORCH（Toxoplasma gondii）最著名的先天性感染，风疹病毒，巨细胞病毒和疱疹病毒）以及寨卡病毒感染和围产期获得性感染（肠病毒，副病毒，轮状病毒，细小病毒）。先天性感染是由病原体引起的，这些病原体可以穿过胎盘，并且在怀孕初期发生时更容易伤害大脑。关于脑损伤，先天性寨卡综合征和先天性巨细胞病毒感染有许多相似之处。围产期获得性病毒感染往往会损伤白质，与足月儿相比，（晚期）早产儿更容易发生囊性演变。先天性和围生期获得性病毒感染可能与不良的神经系统结局有关。预防很重要，特别是因为治疗选择有限。