Diabetes is a strong risk factor for vascular disease. There is compelling evidence that the relative risk of vascular disease associated with diabetes is substantially higher in women than men. The mechanisms that explain the sex difference have not been identified. However, this excess risk could be due to certain underlying biological differences between women and men. In addition to other cardiometabolic pathways, sex differences in body anthropometry and patterns of storage of adipose tissue may be of particular importance in explaining the sex differences in the relative risk of diabetes-associated vascular diseases. Besides biological factors, differences in the uptake and provision of health care could also play a role in women’s greater excess risk of diabetic vascular complications. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding sex differences in both biological factors, with a specific focus on sex differences adipose tissue, and in health care provided for the prevention, management, and treatment of diabetes and its vascular complications. While progress has been made towards understanding the underlying mechanisms of women’s higher relative risk of diabetic vascular complications, many uncertainties remain. Future research to understanding these mechanisms could contribute to more awareness of the sex-specific risk factors and could eventually lead to more personalized diabetes care. This will ensure that women are not affected by diabetes to a greater extent and will help to diminish the burden in both women and men.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病相关血管疾病风险中的性别差异

糖尿病是血管疾病的重要危险因素。有令人信服的证据表明，与糖尿病相关的血管疾病的相对风险在女性中要比男性高得多。尚未找到解释性别差异的机制。但是，这种过度的风险可能是由于男女之间某些潜在的生物学差异。除了其他心脏代谢途径外，人体人体测量学中的性别差异和脂肪组织的存储方式在解释与糖尿病相关的血管疾病的相对风险中的性别差异方面可能特别重要。除生物学因素外，在摄取和提供医疗保健方面的差异也可能在妇女患糖尿病血管并发症的更大额外风险中起作用。在这篇评论中 我们将讨论有关这两种生物学因素中性别差异的当前知识，特别是针对性别差异的脂肪组织以及为预防，管理和治疗糖尿病及其血管并发症提供的医疗保健。尽管在了解女性糖尿病血管并发症相对危险性较高的潜在机制方面已取得进展，但仍存在许多不确定性。理解这些机制的未来研究可能有助于提高对特定性别危险因素的认识，并最终导致更个性化的糖尿病护理。这将确保妇女在更大程度上不受糖尿病影响，并有助于减轻男女的负担。特别关注性别差异的脂肪组织，并在医疗保健中提供预防，管理和治疗糖尿病及其血管并发症的方法。尽管在了解女性糖尿病血管并发症相对危险性较高的潜在机制方面已取得进展，但仍存在许多不确定性。理解这些机制的未来研究可能有助于提高对特定性别危险因素的认识，并最终导致更个性化的糖尿病护理。这将确保妇女在更大程度上不受糖尿病影响，并有助于减轻男女的负担。特别关注性别差异的脂肪组织，并在医疗保健中提供预防，管理和治疗糖尿病及其血管并发症的方法。尽管在了解女性糖尿病血管并发症相对危险性较高的潜在机制方面已取得进展，但仍存在许多不确定性。理解这些机制的未来研究可能有助于提高对特定性别的危险因素的认识，并最终导致更个性化的糖尿病护理。这将确保妇女在更大程度上不受糖尿病的影响，并有助于减轻男女的负担。尽管在了解女性糖尿病血管并发症相对危险性较高的潜在机制方面已取得进展，但仍存在许多不确定性。理解这些机制的未来研究可能有助于提高对特定性别危险因素的认识，并最终导致更个性化的糖尿病护理。这将确保妇女在更大程度上不受糖尿病的影响，并有助于减轻男女的负担。尽管在了解女性糖尿病血管并发症相对危险性较高的潜在机制方面已取得进展，但仍存在许多不确定性。理解这些机制的未来研究可能有助于提高对特定性别的危险因素的认识，并最终导致更个性化的糖尿病护理。这将确保妇女在更大程度上不受糖尿病的影响，并有助于减轻男女的负担。