Thermosensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) lines have been widely used for rice breeding to produce hybrid rice. Here, RNA-Seq was performed to investigate the expression profiles of young panicle from rice TGMS line at the microspore mother cell and meiosis stages under sterile and fertile conditions. A total of 1070 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were enriched in protein folding, protein binding, regulation of transcription, transcription factor activity and metabolic related processes. Further analyses showed hub genes Ub_L40s were predicted to interact with proteolysis-related genes and DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit, and HSPs interacted with kinases to play important roles in regulating fertility alteration. It suggested that besides Ub_L40s, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit, kinases and HSPs might be involved in fertility alteration in rice TGMS lines. These findings provided new insights into fertility alteration in rice TGMS line, which will benefit for further application of TGMS in rice breeding.

热敏基因雄性不育（TGMS）品系已被广泛用于水稻育种以生产杂交水稻。在这里，进行了RNA-Seq研究在无菌和可育条件下来自水稻TGMS系的幼穗在小孢子母细胞和减数分裂阶段的表达谱。共鉴定了1070个差异表达基因（DEG），这些基因富含蛋白质折叠，蛋白质结合，转录调控，转录因子活性和代谢相关过程。进一步的分析表明，枢纽基因Ub _L40被预测与蛋白水解相关基因和DNA定向RNA聚合酶亚基相互作用，而HSP与激酶相互作用在调节生育力改变中起重要作用。它建议除了Ub _L40S，DNA定向的RNA聚合酶亚基，激酶和HSP可能与水稻TGMS系的育性改变有关。这些发现为水稻TGMS系育性的改变提供了新的见解，这将有助于TGMS在水稻育种中的进一步应用。