Seizures are an important sign of neurologic dysfunction in neonates, and they most often represent acute brain injury such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, stroke, or intracranial hemorrhage (acute symptomatic seizures). Clinical identification of seizures is not reliable since seizures in neonates often do not have an apparent clinical correlate; therefore, electroencephalography should be used to accurately diagnose and manage neonatal seizures. Seizures are refractory to initial loading doses of standard medications in >50% of cases. Since seizures are commonly associated with adverse acute and long-term outcomes, and the seizures themselves may result in additional brain injury, it is important to quickly recognize, diagnose, and treat seizures in neonates. Local practice pathways may optimize efficiency in assessment and treatment for affected newborns. Herein, we review the etiology, methods of diagnosis, treatment, and current knowledge gaps for neonatal seizures.

癫痫发作是新生儿神经系统功能障碍的重要标志，通常代表急性脑损伤，例如缺氧缺血性脑病，中风或颅内出血（急性症状性癫痫发作）。癫痫发作的临床鉴定是不可靠的，因为新生儿癫痫发作通常没有明显的临床相关性。因此，应使用脑电图来准确诊断和处理新生儿癫痫发作。在> 50％的病例中，癫痫发作对标准药物的初始负荷剂量无效。由于癫痫发作通常与不良的急性和长期预后相关，并且癫痫发作本身可能导致额外的脑损伤，因此快速识别，诊断和治疗新生儿癫痫发作很重要。当地的实践途径可能会优化受影响新生儿的评估和治疗效率。本文中，我们回顾了新生儿癫痫的病因，诊断方法，治疗方法和当前的知识差距。