The classification of chronic visceral pain is complex, resulting from persistent inflammation, vascular (ischemic) mechanisms, cancer, obstruction or distension, traction or compression, and combined mechanisms, as well as unexplained functional mechanisms. Despite the prevalence, treatment options for chronic visceral pain are limited. Given this unmet clinical need, the development of novel analgesic agents, with defined targets derived from preclinical studies, is urgently needed. While various animal models have played an important role in our understanding of visceral pain, our knowledge is far from complete. Due to the complexity of visceral pain, this document will focus on chronic abdominal pain, which is the major complaint in patients with disorders of the gut-brain interaction, also referred to as functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Models for IBS are faced with challenges including a complex clinical phenotype, which is comorbid with other conditions including anxiety, depression, painful bladder syndrome, and chronic pelvic pain. Based upon the multifactorial nature of IBS with complicated interactions between biological, psychological, and sociological variables, no single experimental model recapitulates all the symptoms of IBS. This position paper will contextualize chronic visceral pain using the example of IBS and focus on its pathophysiology while providing a critical review of current animal models that are most relevant, robust, and reliable in which to screen promising therapeutics to alleviate visceral pain and delineate the gaps and challenges with these models. We will also highlight, prioritize, and come to a consensus on the models with the highest face/construct validity.

中文翻译：

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内脏痛动物模型对治疗发展的重要评估：以肠易激综合症为重点。

慢性内脏痛的分类很复杂，是由于持续的炎症，血管（缺血）机制，癌症，阻塞或扩张，牵引或压迫以及综合机制以及无法解释的功能机制引起的。尽管流行，慢性内脏痛的治疗选择仍然有限。鉴于这种未满足的临床需求，迫切需要开发具有从临床前研究中得出的明确目标的新型镇痛药。尽管各种动物模型在我们对内脏痛的理解中都发挥了重要作用，但我们的知识还远远不够完整。由于内脏疼痛的复杂性，本文档将重点关注慢性腹痛，这是患有肠脑相互作用疾病（也称为功能性胃肠疾病）的患者的主要诉求，例如肠易激综合征（IBS）。IBS模型面临挑战，包括复杂的临床表型，该表型与其他疾病（包括焦虑症，抑郁症，膀胱疼痛综合征和慢性盆腔痛）并存。基于IBS的多因素性质以及生物学，心理和社会学变量之间复杂的相互作用，没有一个单独的实验模型可以概括IBS的所有症状。本立场文件将以IBS为例，介绍慢性内脏痛的背景，并着重于其病理生理学，同时提供对当前最相关，可靠和可靠的动物模型的重要综述，以筛选有希望的疗法来减轻内脏痛并描绘出差距这些模型面临的挑战。我们还将重点介绍优先级，