The demand for an efficient therapy for alopecia disease has fueled the hair research field in recent decades. However, despite significant improvements in the knowledge of key processes of hair follicle biology such as genesis and cycling, translation into hair follicle replacement therapies has not occurred. Great expectation has been recently put on hair follicle bioengineering, which is based on the development of fully functional hair follicles with cycling activity from an expanded population of hair‐inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering approaches focus on in vitro reconstruction of folliculogenesis by manipulating key regulatory molecular/physical features of hair follicle growth/cycling in vivo. Despite their great potential, no cell‐based product is clinically available for hair regeneration therapy to date. This is mainly due to demanding issues that still hinder the functionality of cultured human hair cells. The present review comprehensively compares emergent strategies using different cell sources and tissue engineering approaches, aiming to successfully achieve a clinical cure for hair loss. The hurdles of these strategies are discussed, as well as the future directions to overcome the obstacles and fulfill the promise of a “hairy” feat.

中文翻译：

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人类毛囊再生的组织工程策略：距离多毛目标还有多远？

近几十年来，对脱发症的有效治疗的需求推动了头发研究领域。但是，尽管在毛囊生物学的关键过程（例如起源和循环）的知识上有了显着的进步，但还没有发生将其转化为毛囊替代疗法的情况。近年来，人们对毛囊生物工程技术寄予了厚望，它是基于功能不断发展的全功能毛囊的发展而来的，这种毛囊具有不断循环的毛发诱导（生发）细胞群体。大多数生物工程方法都集中于通过操纵体内毛囊生长/循环的关键调控分子/物理特征来体外重建卵泡发生。尽管具有巨大潜力，但迄今为止，尚无临床上可用于脱发治疗的基于细胞的产品。这主要是由于要求严格的问题仍然阻碍了培养的人毛细胞的功能。本综述全面比较了使用不同细胞来源和组织工程方法的应急策略，旨在成功实现脱发的临床治疗。讨论了这些策略的障碍，以及克服障碍和实现“多毛”壮举的希望的未来方向。