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Robert Dicke and the naissance of experimental gravity physics, 1957–1967
The European Physical Journal H ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2016-10-06 , DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2016-70034-0
Phillip James Edwin Peebles

The experimental study of gravity became much more active in the late 1950s, a change pronounced enough be termed the birth, or naissance, of experimental gravity physics. I present a review of developments in this subject since 1915, through the broad range of new approaches that commenced in the late 1950s, and up to the transition of experimental gravity physics to what might be termed a normal and accepted part of physical science in the late 1960s. This review shows the importance of advances in technology, here as in all branches of natural science. The role of contingency is illustrated by Robert Dicke’s decision in the mid-1950s to change directions in mid-career, to lead a research group dedicated to the experimental study of gravity. The review also shows the power of nonempirical evidence. Some in the 1950s felt that general relativity theory is so logically sound as to be scarcely worth the testing. But Dicke and others argued that a poorly tested theory is only that, and that other nonempirical arguments, based on Mach’s Principle and Dirac’s Large Numbers hypothesis, suggested it would be worth looking for a better theory of gravity. I conclude by offering lessons from this history, some peculiar to the study of gravity physics during the naissance, some of more general relevance. The central lesson, which is familiar but not always well advertised, is that physical theories can be empirically established, sometimes with surprising results.

中文翻译:

罗伯特·迪克(Robert Dicke)和实验重力物理学的诞生,1957–1967年

在1950年代后期,对重力的实验研究变得更加活跃,这一变化足以称为重力物理的诞生或诞生。我对1915年以来该学科的发展进行了回顾,其中包括从1950年代后期开始的各种新方法,直到实验重力物理学过渡到物理中可以被称为物理学的正常和公认的部分的过程。 1960年代后期。这篇评论显示了技术进步的重要性,就像在自然科学的所有分支一样。罗伯特·迪克(Robert Dicke)在1950年代中期决定改变职业中期方向,领导一个致力于重力实验研究的研究小组,说明了权变的作用。审查还显示了非经验证据的力量。1950年代的一些人认为广义相对论在逻辑上是合理的,以至于几乎不值得进行检验。但是狄克和其他人认为,一个受过低考验的理论仅仅是这样,而且基于马赫原理和狄拉克的大数假设的其他非经验论证表明,寻找更好的引力理论是值得的。最后,我从这段历史中总结出一些教训,这些教训是在初期的重力物理学研究中所特有的,而有些则具有更普遍的意义。熟悉但并不总是广为人知的中心课程是,可以凭经验建立物理理论,有时会得出令人惊讶的结果。基于马赫原理和狄拉克的大数假设,建议寻找更好的引力理论是值得的。最后,我从这段历史中总结出一些教训,这些教训是在初期的重力物理学研究中所特有的,而有些则具有更普遍的意义。熟悉但并不总是广为人知的中心课程是,可以凭经验建立物理理论,有时会得出令人惊讶的结果。基于马赫原理和狄拉克的大数假设,建议寻找更好的引力理论是值得的。最后,我从这段历史中总结出一些教训,这些教训是在初期的重力物理学研究中所特有的,而有些则具有更普遍的意义。熟悉但并不总是广为人知的中心课程是,可以凭经验建立物理理论,有时会得出令人惊讶的结果。
更新日期:2016-10-06
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