Four hundred and ninety-six indigenous and exotic aestivum and durum wheat accessions were phenotyped for heat tolerance at three locations during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 crop seasons under very late sown conditions (35–40 °C). Promising 47 heat tolerant accessions, including 15 of durum were identified. Phenotypic data were recorded for quantitative traits and genotypic using molecular markers in these 47 lines. Polymorphism of 73.7% and 71.5% was detected using 137 and 109 SSR markers in aestivum and durum accessions respectively. In Triticum aestivum 308 alleles and in T. durum 234 alleles were detected with a range of 2–6. The genetic diversity ranged from 0.099 to 0.733 with average 0.488. Genotypes were classified into four categories based on their tolerance to stress as determined from Heat susceptibility index for grain yield. Dendrograms constructed using phenological, physiological and grain traits as well as molecular data were different with respect to alignment of genotypes indicating that genotypes differed genetically as well as physiologically in heat tolerance. Moreover phylogenetic tree is better choice as compared to population structure. The wheat breeders can pyramid these diverse sources to improve heat tolerance.

中文翻译：

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本地和外来小麦基因型耐热性的分子遗传多样性分析

在很晚播种条件下（35–40°C），在2013-2014年和2014-2015年三个作物种植季，对396个本国和外来的普通小麦和硬质小麦品种的表型进行了耐热性表型分析。鉴定出有前景的47个耐热材料，包括15个硬粒小麦。在这47个品系中使用分子标记记录了表型数据的定量性状和基因型。使用137和109个SSR标记分别在普通小麦和硬粒小麦中检测到73.7％和71.5％的多态性。在普通小麦308个等位基因和硬粒小麦中检测到234个等位基因，范围为2–6。遗传多样性范围从0.099到0.733，平均为0.488。根据对谷物产量的热敏感性指数确定，基因型根据其对胁迫的耐受性分为四类。利用物候，生理和谷物性状以及分子数据构建的树状图在基​​因型比对方面有所不同，这表明基因型在耐热性上在遗传和生理上都不同。此外，与种群结构相比，系统树是更好的选择。小麦育种者可以将这些不同的来源金字塔化以提高耐热性。