Landfilling, a traditional and major method for municipal solid waste management, is gradually being taken place by incineration. However, the contamination problem caused by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from incineration has also brought much concerns. Traditional offline method based on high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of PCDD/F emissions is expensive, infrequent and time-lagging. Use of PCDD/F indicators to achieve fast indirect measurements for PCDD/Fs is a much more promising method. Six categories of potential PCDD/F indicators are discussed in this paper: CO, total hydrocarbons, specific PCDD/F congeners, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorophenols and chlorobenzenes. Their performance as PCDD/F indicators are verified in the following criteria: (1) structural similarities; (2) known mechanistic arguments; (3) known correlation values from the literature and (4) detectability. Comprehensively considering the four factors, chlorobenzenes may be the best suitable PCDD/F indicator. One analytical method based on Photon Ionization coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry has been proved effective for the online/atline measurements for PCDD/F indicators for the prediction of TEQ in incineration process. Moreover, thermal desorption and gas chromatography can be applied to provide extra separation and concentration for very complex matrices with extremely low concentrations.

中文翻译：

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快速间接测量城市固体废物焚化产生的PCDD / F TEQ排放：综述

垃圾填埋是城市生活垃圾管理的一种传统而主要的方法，目前正在通过焚烧逐步进行。然而，污染问题所造成的多氯代二苯并- p焚烧产生的二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD / F）也引起了很多关注。传统的基于高分辨率气相色谱法和高分辨率质谱的离线方法来测定PCDD / F排放量昂贵，不频繁且耗时。使用PCDD / F指标实现PCDD / F的快速间接测量是一种更有希望的方法。本文讨论了六种潜在的PCDD / F指标：CO，总烃，特定PCDD / F同类物，多环芳烃，氯酚和氯苯。它们作为PCDD / F指标的性能在以下标准中得到验证：（1）结构相似性；（2）已知的机械论点；（3）文献中的已知相关值和（4）可检测性。综合考虑四个因素，氯苯可能是最合适的PCDD / F指示剂。事实证明，一种基于光子电离结合飞行时间质谱的分析方法可有效地在线/在线测量PCDD / F指标，以预测焚化过程中的TEQ。此外，可以采用热脱附和气相色谱法为浓度极低的非常复杂的基质提供额外的分离和浓缩。