Water distribution network (WDN) is one of the infrastructures which provide welfare and comfort for people in their life. This role is magnified in critical situations like earthquake occurrence since WDN will suffer from breaks and leakages. Efforts to lessen the impact of earthquake are on reducing both the extent and the severity of damage, and the time to restore service given by WDN. Thus, for understanding exact damages, the key role of accurate analysis in both seismic and hydraulic terms is not negligible. In this study, pipeline damage caused by seismic wave propagation is modeled using relationships obtained from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The time of repairs in WDNs is calculated regarding accurate hydraulic analysis based on the head-driven simulation method. Additionally, a suitable index is introduced which can show the effect of repairs on nodal pressures during repair process. After defining new terms for risk assessment on the basis of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) method, this approach is applied to a part of Tehran’s WDN to assess the capabilities of the proposed model. Since there is no special damage relationship for Iran, some available damage relationships were applied to a part of Tehran’s WDN and results showed that HAZUS (Washington D.C. Department of Homeland Security Emergency Preparedness and Response, FEMA, Mitigation Division, New York, 2003 ) relationship predicted more damages. In other words, the highest risk, the largest number of accidents (pipe bursts, pipe disengagement and pipe leakage) and the maximum value of restoration time were obtained from HAZUS ( 2003 ) relationship. Two risk mitigation scenarios were defined to assess the response of water supply system to earthquake impacts including decreasing demand and use of wells. Results showed that decreasing demand by 20% leads to decrease in risk, so that the maximum decrease was calculated in the case of using O’Rourke and Jeon damage relationship (risk decreased from 1.01 × 10 −5 to 8.26 × 10 −6 ). But using wells after earthquakes can be more effective on decreasing risk after earthquake. Outcomes from case study express that this model can be applied to every city having both earthquake catalogue and WDN’s model to show number of failures and leaks in pipes, risk of each repair rate relation and pressure index for earthquake scenarios.

中文翻译：

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可能发生地震的供水管网风险分析和管理

供水网络（WDN）是为人们的生活提供福利和舒适的基础设施之一。这种作用在地震等危急情况下会被放大，因为 WDN 会出现中断和泄漏。减轻地震影响的努力是为了减少破坏的范围和严重程度，以及 WDN 提供的恢复服务的时间。因此，为了了解确切的损害，在地震和水力术语中准确分析的关键作用是不可忽视的。在这项研究中，使用从 1994 年北岭地震中获得的关系来模拟由地震波传播引起的管道损坏。WDN 的维修时间是根据基于头部驱动模拟方法的精确水力分析计算的。此外，引入了一个合适的指标，可以显示修复过程中修复对节点压力的影响。在根据联邦紧急事务管理局 (FEMA) 方法定义风险评估的新术语后，将该方法应用于德黑兰 WDN 的一部分，以评估所提出模型的能力。由于伊朗没有特殊的损害关系，一些可用的损害关系被应用于德黑兰的 WDN 的一部分，结果表明 HAZUS（华盛顿特区国土安全应急准备和响应部，FEMA，缓解司，纽约，2003 年）关系预计会有更多损失。也就是说，风险最高、事故次数最多（爆管、脱管、漏水）和恢复时间最大值是从HAZUS（2003）的关系中得出的。定义了两种风险缓解方案来评估供水系统对地震影响的响应，包括减少需求和使用井。结果表明，需求减少 20% 会导致风险降低，因此在使用 O'Rourke 和 Jeon 损坏关系的情况下计算出最大降低（风险从 1.01 × 10 -5 降低到 8.26 × 10 -6 ）。但是震后使用井可以更有效地降低震后风险。案例研究的结果表明，该模型可以应用于具有地震目录和WDN模型的每个城市，以显示管道故障和泄漏的数量，每种修复率关系的风险和地震情景的压力指数。