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Investigating driver gaze behavior during lane changes using two visual cues: ambient light and focal icons
Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s12193-019-00299-7
Andreas Löcken , Fei Yan , Wilko Heuten , Susanne Boll

Currently, lane change decision aid systems primarily address foveal vision and thus compete for drivers’ attention with interfaces of other assistant systems. Also, alternative modalities such as acoustic perception (Mahapatra et al., in: 2008 International conference on advanced computer theory and engineering, pp 992–995. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACTE.2008.165, 2008), tactile perception (Löcken et al., in: Adjunct proceedings of the 7th international conference on automotive user interfaces and interactive vehicular applications, AutomotiveUI ’15, pp 32–37. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/2809730.2809758, 2015), or peripheral vision (Löcken et al., in: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on automotive user interfaces and interactive vehicular applications, AutomotiveUI ’15, pp 204–211. ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799259, 2015), have been introduced for lane change support. We are especially interested in ambient light displays (ALD) addressing peripheral vision since they can adapt to the driver’s attention using changing saliency levels (Matthews et al., in: Proceedings of the 17th Annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology, UIST ’04, pp 247–256, ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1029632.1029676, 2004). The primary objective of this research is to compare the effect of ambient light and focal icons on driving performance and gaze behavior. We conducted two driving simulator experiments. The first experiment evaluated an ambient light cue in a free driving scenario. The second one focused on the difference in gaze behavior between ALD and focal icons, called “abstract faces with emotional expressions” (FEE). The results show that drivers decide more often for safe gaps in rightward maneuvers with ambient light cues. Similarly, drivers decide to overtake more often when the gaps are big enough with both displays in the second experiment. Regarding gaze behavior, drivers looked longer towards the forward area, and less often and shorter into the side mirrors when using ALD. This effect supports the assumption that drivers perceive the ALD with peripheral vision. In contrast, FEE did not significantly affect the gaze behavior when compared to driving without assistance. These results help us to understand the effect of different modalities on performance and gaze behavior, and to explore appropriate modalities for lane change support.

中文翻译:

使用两种视觉提示调查驾驶员在换道时的视线行为:环境光和焦点图标

当前,车道变更决策辅助系统主要解决中央凹视觉,并因此与其他辅助系统的界面争夺驾驶员的注意力。此外,还可以使用其他方式,例如声音感知(Mahapatra等人,于:2008年国际高级计算机理论与工程国际会议,第992-995页。https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACTE.2008.165,2008),触觉感知(Löcken等,在:第7届国际汽车用户界面和交互式车辆应用国际会议的辅助程序,AutomotiveUI '15,第32–37页。ACM,纽约,纽约,美国。https://doi.org/ 10.1145 / 2809730.2809758,2015)或外围视觉(Löcken等,在:第7届国际汽车用户界面和交互式车辆应用国际会议论文集,AutomotiveUI '15,第204–211页。ACM,纽约,纽约,美国) https:(/i.doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799259,2015)已​​引入,以支持车道变更。我们特别关注解决周边视觉问题的环境光显示器(ALD),因为它们可以通过改变显着性水平来适应驾驶员的注意力(Matthews等,在:第17届ACM年度用户界面软件和技术研讨会论文集,UIST' 04,pp 247-256,ACM.https://doi.org/10.1145/1029632.1029676,2004)。这项研究的主要目的是比较环境光和焦点图标对驾驶性能和视线行为的影响。我们进行了两个驾驶模拟器实验。第一个实验评估了在自由驾驶情况下的环境光提示。第二个重点是ALD和焦点图标之间的注视行为差异,称为“带有情感表情的抽象面孔”(FEE)。结果表明,驾驶员会根据环境光提示更经常地决定向右操作的安全距离。同样,在第二个实验中,两个显示器的差距都足够大时,驾驶员决定超车次数更多。关于凝视行为,当驾驶员使用ALD时,驾驶员朝前区域看的时间更长,而向后视镜看的时间则更少,而且更短。这种效果支持以下假设:驾驶员会以周围视觉感知ALD。相比之下,与无助驾驶相比,FEE不会显着影响凝视行为。这些结果有助于我们了解不同模式对性能和注视行为的影响,并探索支持车道变更的适当模式。在第二个实验中,两个显示器的差距都足够大时,驾驶员决定超车次数更多。关于凝视行为,驾驶员在使用ALD时朝前区域看的时间更长,而向后视镜看的时间则较少,而向后视镜的视野则更短。这种效果支持以下假设:驾驶员会以周围视觉感知ALD。相比之下,与无助驾驶相比,FEE不会显着影响凝视行为。这些结果有助于我们了解不同模式对性能和注视行为的影响,并探索支持车道变更的适当模式。在第二个实验中,两个显示器的差距都足够大时,驾驶员会决定更频繁地超车。关于凝视行为,当驾驶员使用ALD时,驾驶员朝前区域看的时间更长,而向后视镜看的时间则更少而更短。这种效果支持以下假设:驾驶员会以周围视觉感知ALD。相比之下,与无助驾驶相比,FEE不会显着影响凝视行为。这些结果有助于我们理解不同模式对性能和注视行为的影响,并探索支持车道变更的适当模式。这种效果支持以下假设:驾驶员会以周围视觉感知ALD。相比之下,与无助驾驶相比,FEE不会显着影响凝视行为。这些结果有助于我们了解不同模式对性能和注视行为的影响,并探索支持车道变更的适当模式。这种效果支持以下假设:驾驶员会以周围视觉感知ALD。相比之下,与无助驾驶相比,FEE不会显着影响凝视行为。这些结果有助于我们了解不同模式对性能和注视行为的影响,并探索支持车道变更的适当模式。
更新日期:2019-03-18
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