Purpose of the Review

Weather and climate extremes substantially affect global- and regional-scale carbon (C) cycling, and thus spatially or temporally extended climatic extreme events jeopardize terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration. We illustrate the relevance of drought and/or heat events (“DHE”) for the carbon cycle and highlight underlying concepts and complex impact mechanisms. We review recent results, discuss current research needs and emerging research topics.

Recent Findings

Our review covers topics critical to understanding, attributing and predicting the effects of DHE on the terrestrial carbon cycle: (1) ecophysiological impact mechanisms and mediating factors, (2) the role of timing, duration and dynamical effects through which DHE impacts on regional-scale carbon cycling are either attenuated or enhanced, and (3) large-scale atmospheric conditions under which DHE are likely to unfold and to affect the terrestrial carbon cycle. Recent research thus shows the need to view these events in a broader spatial and temporal perspective that extends assessments beyond local and concurrent C cycle impacts of DHE.

Summary

Novel data streams, model (ensemble) simulations, and analyses allow to better understand carbon cycle impacts not only in response to their proximate drivers (drought, heat, etc.) but also attributing them to underlying changes in drivers and large-scale atmospheric conditions. These attribution-type analyses increasingly address and disentangle various sequences or dynamical interactions of events and their impacts, including compensating or amplifying effects on terrestrial carbon cycling.

中文翻译：

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干旱，高温和碳循环：回顾

审查目的

极端天气和气候极大地影响了全球和区域规模的碳（C）循环，因此，在空间或时间上扩展的极端气候事件危及陆地生态系统的碳固存。我们说明了干旱和/或高温事件（“ DHE”）与碳循环的相关性，并强调了潜在的概念和复杂的影响机制。我们审查最近的结果，讨论当前的研究需求和新兴的研究主题。

最近的发现

我们的审查涵盖了对于理解，归因和预测DHE对陆地碳循环的影响至关重要的主题：（1）生态生理影响机制和中介因子，（2）DHE通过其影响区域-的时间，持续时间和动力作用的作用规模的碳循环要么减弱，要么增强；（3）在DHE可能展开并影响陆地碳循环的大规模大气条件下。因此，最近的研究表明有必要在更广阔的时空视野中观察这些事件，从而将评估范围扩大到DHE的局部和并行C周期影响之外。

概要

新颖的数据流，模型（整体）模拟和分析不仅可以更好地理解碳循环的影响，不仅可以响应其近来的驱动因素（干旱，热等），还可以将其归因于驱动因素和大规模大气条件的潜在变化。这些归因类型分析越来越多地解决和弄清事件及其影响的各种顺序或动态相互作用，包括对陆地碳循环的补偿或放大作用。