Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability. There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronized with the food abundance peak, which is important for understanding the physiological link between the timing of breeding and the fitness of offspring. Using gene expression level of blood HSP70 and HSP90 as indicators, we compared the cell stress response of Asian Short-toed Lark (Calandrella cheleensis) nestlings hatched under conditions of low, mid or high food (grasshopper nymph) availability in 2017. Nymph biomass, sample time and interaction of these two factors significantly influenced the blood gene expression level of HSP70 and HSP90 of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings. HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression levels of the nestlings at 14:00 were significantly higher than those at 5:00. At either 5:00 or 14:00, the gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 increase with the decrease of nymph biomass. These results indicate that food availability is an important environment factor inducing cellular stress of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings. The interactive effect of the nymph abundance and sample time on the HSPs response may be related with the daily temperature variation of the grassland. Over cell stress response may be one of physiological factor mediating the effect of food availability and the nestling’s fitness.

中文翻译：

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亚洲矮脚云雀（Calandrella cheleensis）的雏鸟对食物供应的差异性细胞应激反应

温带雀形目的繁殖季节时间被认为已根据其食物供应情况进行了调整。没有什么工作可以揭示与食物丰度峰值不同步孵化的雏鸟的细胞应激反应，这对于理解繁殖时机与后代适应性之间的生理联系非常重要。使用血液HSP70和HSP90的基因表达水平作为指标，我们比较了2017年在低，中或高食物（蚱若虫）可用性下孵化的亚洲短趾云雀（Calandrella cheleensis）雏鸟的细胞应激反应。若虫生物量，采样时间和这两个因素的相互作用显着影响了亚洲短趾云雀雏鸟的血液基因表达水平HSP70和HSP90。雏鸟在14时的HSP70和HSP90基因表达水平：00显着高于5:00。在5:00或14：00，HSP70和HSP90的基因表达水平随着若虫生物量的减少而增加。这些结果表明，食物的可获得性是引起亚洲短尾云雀雏鸟细胞压力的重要环境因素。若虫数量和采样时间对HSPs反应的交互作用可能与草地的每日温度变化有关。细胞过度应激反应可能是调节食物供应和雏鸡适应性的生理因素之一。这些结果表明，食物的可获得性是引起亚洲短尾云雀雏鸟细胞压力的重要环境因素。若虫数量和采样时间对HSPs反应的交互作用可能与草地的每日温度变化有关。细胞过度应激反应可能是调节食物供应和雏鸡适应性的生理因素之一。这些结果表明，食物的可获得性是引起亚洲短尾云雀雏鸟细胞压力的重要环境因素。若虫数量和采样时间对HSPs反应的交互作用可能与草地的每日温度变化有关。细胞过度应激反应可能是调节食物供应和雏鸡适应性的生理因素之一。