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An experiential investigation on the compressibility behavior of cement-treated Indian peat
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10064-019-01623-x
Abhinaba Paul , Monowar Hussain

The rapid population growth and urbanization all over India have created a need for the development of infrastructure which ultimately increases the demand even to utilize the most problematic peats also. Peat is known for its poor load-bearing capacity and high compressibility traits, so any construction undertaken without taking due account of its properties may lead to dreadful consequences. In India, the study in context to peat has been done in a very limited way and which consists mainly of highlighting the zonal occurrence and to some extent evaluating its basic properties only. This paper addresses the efficacy of cement usage on the compressibility behavior of Indian peat. The assessment of the compressibility and consolidation properties of peat treated with different percentages of cement (5, 10, and 15% by weight of dry peat) and curing periods (0 and 14 days) is investigated through one-dimensional consolidation test. Peats collected were of four different ranges of organic content variation (20–76%) covering three different states in the North Eastern Region of India to finally comprehend the effect of varying organic matter in the process of treatment. The laboratory investigation reveals that the Indian peats undergo high compressibility (cc~1.43–3.72), very low rate of consolidation (cv~0.15–0.78 × 10-8 m2/sec), and large creep behavior (cα~0.02–0.07). However, the optimistic outcome observed after cement treatment is the decrease in the compression index (cc), coefficient of compressibility (av), coefficient of volume compressibility (mv), and increase in the coefficient of consolidation (cv). The pre-consolidation pressure (σ/p) is also increased with the percentage of cement content. Further, secondary compression (cα) measured at high stress level is found to be decreased with increasing cement content and finally becomes negligible. The effect of curing days brings a further conducive change in the compressibility and consolidation characteristics of cement-treated peat. Further, the presence of the high organic matter hinders the reaction process between peat and cement, thus affecting the rate of hardening process and eventually the overall improvement. Finally, the test results are complemented by pH, electric conductivity (EC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, which provide insight into the mechanism involved between peat and cement. The increased loss of mass that occurs after cement addition, studied through thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), indicates the formation of new cementitious materials that are responsible for the overall improvement of Indian peat. Since in India, this kind of study is totally new thus it will help engineers practically to handle peat of this region in a far better way eventually bringing a sort of understanding over the construction-allied issues beforehand.

中文翻译:

水泥处理的印度泥炭压缩性能的实验研究

印度各地人口的快速增长和城市化带来了对基础设施发展的需求,这最终也增加了需求,甚至还需要利用最棘手的泥炭。泥炭以其较差的承重能力和高可压缩性而著称,因此任何在未适当考虑其性质的情况下进行的施工都可能导致可怕的后果。在印度,有关泥炭的研究以非常有限的方式进行,主要包括突出地带性事件,并在某种程度上仅评估其基本性质。本文探讨了水泥用量对印度泥炭可压缩性的影响。用不同百分比的水泥处理泥炭的可压缩性和固结特性的评估(5、10,以及15%重量的干泥煤)和固化时间(0和14天)通过一维固结测试进行了研究。收集到的泥炭具有四种不同的有机物含量变化范围(20-76%),覆盖了印度东北地区的三个不同州,从而最终了解了变化的有机物在处理过程中的作用。实验室调查显示,印度泥炭具有较高的可压缩性(cÇ〜1.43-3.72),合并的非常低的速率(C v〜0.15-0.78×10 -82 /秒),和大的蠕变行为(C α〜0.02-0.07)。但是,在水泥处理后观察到的乐观结果是压缩指数(c c),压缩系数(a v),体积压缩系数(m v)降低和固结系数(c v)降低。预固结压力(σ / p)也随水泥含量的百分比而增加。此外,二次压缩(发现在高应力水平下测量的)随水泥含量的增加而降低,最终可以忽略不计。固化天数的影响进一步改善了水泥处理过的泥炭的可压缩性和固结特性。此外,高有机物的存在阻碍了泥炭和水泥之间的反应过程,从而影响了硬化过程的速度,并最终影响了整体改进。最后,测试结果辅以pH值,电导率(EC)和傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析,可以深入了解泥炭和水泥之间的作用机理。通过热重分析(TGA)研究了添加水泥后质量损失的增加,表明新的胶结材料的形成是印度泥炭总体改善的原因。由于在印度,这种研究是全新的,因此它将帮助工程师切实地以更好的方式处理该地区的泥炭,最终使人们事先对与施工有关的问题有了某种了解。
更新日期:2019-11-05
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