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Analyzing brain structural differences associated with categories of blood pressure in adults using empirical kernel mapping-based kernel ELM.
BioMedical Engineering OnLine ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-27 , DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0740-4
Xinying Yu 1, 2 , Bo Peng 2 , Zeyu Xue 1, 2 , Hamidreza Saligheh Rad 2, 3 , Zhenlin Cai 4, 5 , Jun Shi 1 , Jianbing Zhu 4, 5 , Yakang Dai 2, 6, 7, 8
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Hypertension increases the risk of angiocardiopathy and cognitive disorder. Blood pressure has four categories: normal, elevated, hypertension stage 1 and hypertension stage 2. The quantitative analysis of hypertension helps determine disease status, prognosis assessment, guidance and management, but is not well studied in the framework of machine learning. METHODS We proposed empirical kernel mapping-based kernel extreme learning machine plus (EKM-KELM+) classifier to discriminate different blood pressure grades in adults from structural brain MR images. ELM+ is the extended version of ELM, which integrates the additional privileged information about training samples in ELM to help train a more effective classifier. In this work, we extracted gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness from structural brain MR images, and constructed brain network features based on thickness. After feature selection and EKM, the enhanced features are obtained. Then, we select one feature type as the main feature to feed into KELM+, and the rest of the feature types are PI to assist the main feature to train 5 KELM+ classifiers. Finally, the 5 KELM+ classifiers are ensemble to predict classification result in the test stage, while PI is not used during testing. RESULTS We evaluated the performance of the proposed EKM-KELM+ method using four grades of hypertension data (73 samples for each grade). The experimental results show that the GMV performs observably better than any other feature types with a comparatively higher classification accuracy of 77.37% (Grade 1 vs. Grade 2), 93.19% (Grade 1 vs. Grade 3), and 95.15% (Grade 1 vs. Grade 4). The most discriminative brain regions found using our method are olfactory, orbitofrontal cortex (inferior), supplementary motor area, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Using region of interest features and brain network features, EKM-KELM+ is proposed to study the most discriminative regions that have obvious structural changes in different blood pressure grades. The discriminative features that are selected using our method are consistent with the existing neuroimaging studies. Moreover, our study provides a potential approach to take effective interventions in the early period, when the blood pressure makes minor impacts on the brain structure and function.

中文翻译:

使用基于经验核图的内核ELM分析与成年人的血压类别相关的脑结构差异。

背景技术高血压增加了心血管疾病和认知障碍的风险。血压分为四个类别:正常,高血压,高血压第1阶段和高血压第2阶段。对高血压的定量分析有助于确定疾病状态,进行预后评估,指导和管理,但在机器学习的框架中没有得到很好的研究。方法我们提出了基于经验核映射的核极限学习机加法(EKM-KELM +)分类器,以从结构性脑MR图像中区分成年人的不同血压等级。ELM +是ELM的扩展版本,它集成了有关ELM中训练样本的其他特权信息,以帮助训练更有效的分类器。在这项工作中,我们提取了灰质体积(GMV),白质体积,脑脊液体积,皮质表面积,来自结构性大脑MR图像的皮质厚度以及基于厚度构建的大脑网络特征。在选择了特征和EKM之后,便获得了增强的特征。然后,我们选择一种特征类型作为主要特征以输入到KELM +中,其余特征类型为PI以帮助主要特征训练5个KELM +分类器。最后,5个KELM +分类器可在测试阶段预测分类结果,而在测试期间不使用PI。结果我们使用四个等级的高血压数据(每个等级73个样本)评估了所提出的EKM-KELM +方法的性能。实验结果表明,GMV的性能明显好于任何其他特征类型,相对较高的分类准确度分别为77.37%(1级对2级),93.19%(1级对2级)。3年级)和95.15%(1年级对4年级)。使用我们的方法发现的最具区分性的大脑区域是嗅觉,眶额皮质(下),辅助运动区等。结论:利用感兴趣区域特征和脑网络特征,提出了EKM-KELM +研究具有明显特征的最具区分性的区域不同血压等级的结构变化。使用我们的方法选择的区分特征与现有的神经影像学研究一致。此外,我们的研究提供了一种可能的方法,即在血压对脑部结构和功能产生较小影响时,可以在早期采取有效的干预措施。结论:利用兴趣区域特征和脑网络特征,提出了EKM-KELM +,以研究在不同血压等级中具有明显结构变化的最具区分性的区域。使用我们的方法选择的区分特征与现有的神经影像学研究一致。此外,我们的研究提供了一种可能的方法,即在血压对脑部结构和功能产生较小影响时,可以在早期采取有效的干预措施。结论:利用兴趣区域特征和脑网络特征,提出了EKM-KELM +,以研究在不同血压等级中具有明显结构变化的最具区分性的区域。使用我们的方法选择的区分特征与现有的神经影像学研究一致。此外,我们的研究提供了一种在早期阶段采取有效干预措施的潜在方法,当时血压对脑部结构和功能的影响较小。使用我们的方法选择的区分特征与现有的神经影像学研究一致。此外,我们的研究提供了一种可能的方法,即在血压对脑部结构和功能产生较小影响时,可以在早期进行有效干预。使用我们的方法选择的区分特征与现有的神经影像学研究一致。此外,我们的研究提供了一种可能的方法,即在血压对脑部结构和功能产生较小影响时,可以在早期采取有效的干预措施。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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