Abstract Mitochondria supply virtually all eukaryotic cells with energy through ATP production by oxidative phosphoryplation (OXPHOS). Accordingly, maintenance of mitochondrial function is fundamentally important to sustain cellular health and various diseases have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Biogenesis of OXPHOS complexes crucially depends on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that encodes essential subunits of the respiratory chain and is distributed in multiple copies throughout the mitochondrial network. During cell division, mitochondria, including mtDNA, need to be accurately apportioned to daughter cells. This process requires an intimate and coordinated interplay between the cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics and the replication and distribution of mtDNA. Recent years have seen exciting advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms that facilitate these processes and essential key players have been identified. Moreover, segregation of qualitatively distinct mitochondria during asymmetric cell division is emerging as an important quality control step, which secures the maintenance of a healthy cell population.

中文翻译：

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对女儿的力量——细胞分裂过程中的线粒体和 mtDNA 传输

摘要 线粒体通过氧化磷酸化 (OXPHOS) 产生的 ATP 为几乎所有真核细胞提供能量。因此，线粒体功能的维持对于维持细胞健康至关重要，并且各种疾病都与线粒体功能障碍有关。OXPHOS 复合物的生物发生关键取决于线粒体 DNA (mtDNA)，它编码呼吸链的基本亚基，并在整个线粒体网络中以多个拷贝分布。在细胞分裂过程中，线粒体，包括 mtDNA，需要准确地分配给子细胞。这个过程需要细胞周期、线粒体动力学和 mtDNA 的复制和分布之间密切和协调的相互作用。近年来，在阐明促进这些过程的机制方面取得了令人振奋的进展，并且已经确定了重要的关键参与者。此外，在不对称细胞分裂过程中分离质量不同的线粒体正在成为重要的质量控制步骤，它确保了健康细胞群的维持。