In life histories with generation overlap, selection that acts differently on different life-stages can produce reservoirs of genetic variation, for example, in long-lived iteroparous adults or long-lived dormant propagules. Such reservoirs provide “migration from the past” to the current population, and depending on the trend of environmental change, they have the potential either to slow adaptive evolution or accelerate it by re-introducing genotypes not affected by recent selection (e.g., through storage effect in a fluctuating environment). That is, the effect of generation overlap is a “double-edged sword,” with each edge cutting in a different direction. Here, we use sexual (quantitative trait) and asexual (clonal) models to explore the effects of generation overlap on adaptive evolution in a fluctuating environment, either with or without a trend in the mean environment state. Our analyses show that when environmental stochasticity scaled by strength of selection is intermediate and when the trend in mean environment is slow, intermediate values of generation overlap can maximize the rate of response to selection and minimize the adaptation lag between the trait mean and the environmental trend. Otherwise, increased generation overlap results in smaller selection response and larger adaptation lag. In the former case, low generation overlap results in low heritable trait variance, while high generation overlap increases the “migration load” from the past. Therefore, to understand the importance of rapid evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics in the wild for organisms with overlapping generations, we need to understand the interaction of generation overlap, environmental stochasticity, and strength of selection.

中文翻译：

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一代重叠的快速进化：休眠的双重效应

在世代重叠的生活史中，对不同生命阶段采取不同作用的选择会产生遗传变异，例如在长寿的成虫的成年成年人或长寿的休眠繁殖体中。这些水库提供了“从过去的迁移”到目前的种群，根据环境变化的趋势，它们有可能减慢适应性进化或通过重新引入不受最近选择影响的基因型（例如通过储存）来加速适应性进化。在动荡的环境中产生的影响）。也就是说，世代重叠的效果是一把“双刃剑”，每个边缘沿不同的方向切割。在这里，我们使用性（定量性状）和无性（克隆性）模型来探讨在波动的环境中，代重叠对适应性进化的影响，平均环境状态有无趋势。我们的分析表明，当由选择强度决定的环境随机性处于中等水平且平均环境趋势缓慢时，世代重叠的中间值可以使对选择的响应率最大化，并使特征均值与环境趋势之间的适应滞后最小化。 。否则，增加的生成重叠会导致较小的选择响应和较大的自适应滞后。在前一种情况下，低世代重叠导致较低的遗传性状变异，而高世代重叠增加了过去的“迁移负担”。因此，要了解世代重叠的生物在野外快速进化和生态进化动力学的重要性，我们需要了解世代重叠的相互作用，