Community-managed landscapes have valuable conservation potential. In particular, indigenous community management has slowed deforestation. However, globalized agriculture is an underlying driver of changes to indigenous community-managed landscapes. Our objective is to explain a hypothesized global-to-local causal pathway that stems from processes of globalized agriculture and changes to indigenous community-managed landscapes. The global-to-local pathway involves a nested hierarchy of political–economic processes, specifically land and natural resource privatization, commodification, and acquisition. At the local landscape level, we focus on changes to land tenure, livelihoods, land use, and land cover. Changes to land tenure involve a shift away from community and toward individual ownership and management. Concurrently, livelihoods shift away from subsistence and toward market-oriented activities. Subsequently, land use shifts away from small-scale extensive and toward large-scale intensive crop cultivation, away from diverse crop cultivation and toward monocropping, and away from crop toward livestock farming. Ultimately, land cover shifts away from diverse agro-forested and toward homogeneous deforested lands. We illustrate our approach using ejidos, a type of community-managed lands, in Yucatán, México as an exploratory example. We use descriptive statistics to initially assess the shift in ejido land tenure, from community to individually parcelized systems, and the shift in a principal subsistence livelihood and land use activity, from maize cultivation to cattle rearing. We highlight that individually parceled areas within ejidos are more deforested than community-managed areas. In all, we urge landscape conservation scientists to more fully consider not just local actions but also impacts stemming from globalized agriculture and to advance the breadth and depth of more extensive studies and analyses.

中文翻译：

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重新思考景观保护：将全球化农业与土著社区管理的景观变化联系起来

社区管理的景观具有宝贵的保护潜力。特别是，土著社区管理减缓了森林砍伐。然而，全球化农业是土著社区管理景观变化的潜在驱动力。我们的目标是解释一个假设的全球到当地的因果路径，该路径源于全球化农业的过程和土著社区管理的景观变化。全球到本地的路径涉及政治经济过程的嵌套层次结构，特别是土地和自然资源私有化、商品化和收购。在当地景观层面，我们关注土地使用权、生计、土地利用和土地覆盖的变化。土地使用权的变化涉及从社区向个人所有权和管理的转变。同时，生计从维持生计转向以市场为导向的活动。随后，土地利用从小规模粗放向大规模集约化作物种植转变，从多种作物种植转向单一作物种植，从作物种植转向畜牧业。最终，土地覆盖从多样化的农林向同质的森林砍伐土地转移。我们使用位于墨西哥尤卡坦州的 ejidos（一种社区管理的土地）作为探索性示例来说明我们的方法。我们使用描述性统计来初步评估 ejido 土地权属的转变，从社区到个人分割系统，以及主要生计和土地使用活动的转变，从玉米种植到养牛。我们强调，与社区管理的区域相比，ejidos 内单独分割的区域的森林砍伐率更高。总而言之，我们敦促景观保护科学家不仅要更充分地考虑当地行动，还要考虑全球化农业带来的影响，并推进更广泛的研究和分析的广度和深度。