A revolution in elementary particle physics occurred during the period from the ICHEP1968 to the ICHEP1982 with the advent of the parton model from discoveries in Deeply Inelastic electron-proton Scattering at SLAC, neutrino experiments, hard-scattering observed in p+p collisions at the CERN ISR, the development of QCD, the discovery of the J/Ψ at BNL and SLAC and the clear observation of high transverse momentum jets at the CERN SPS p̄ + p collider. These and other discoveries in this period led to the acceptance of QCD as the theory of the strong interactions. The desire to understand nuclear physics at high density such as in neutron stars led to the application of QCD to this problem and to the prediction of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in nuclei at high energy density and temperatures. This eventually led to the construction of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL to observe superdense nuclear matter in the laboratory. This article discusses how experimental methods and results which confirmed QCD at the first hadron collider, the CERN ISR, played an important role in experiments at the first heavy ion collider, RHIC, leading to the discovery of the QGP as a perfect liquid as well as discoveries at RHIC and the LHC which continue to the present day.

中文翻译：

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强子对撞机实验如何促进QCD的发展：从硬散射到完美液体

从ICHEP1968到ICHEP1982，基本粒子物理发生了一场革命，Parton模型的出现来自SLAC的深非弹性电子质子散射，中微子实验，在CERN的p + p碰撞中观察到的硬散射ISR，QCD的发展，所述J /的发现Ψ在BNL和SLAC和高的横向动量射流的清楚观察在CERN SPS p̄  +  p对撞机。这一时期的这些发现和其他发现促使人们将QCD视为强相互作用的理论。对高密度核物理（例如中子星）的理解的渴望导致了QCD在此问题上的应用，并导致了在高能量密度和高温下核中的夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）的预测。这最终导致在BNL建造了相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC），以观察实验室中的超核物质。本文讨论了在第一台强子对撞机CERN ISR上确认QCD的实验方法和结果如何在第一台重离子对撞机RHIC的实验中发挥重要作用，从而发现了QGP作为理想的液体以及RHIC和LHC的发现一直持续到今天。