Cyanobacterial toxins are a growing threat to human and animal welfare in many parts of the world. Microcystin-LR is the most widely studied of the cyanotoxins and has been implicated with hepatotoxicity, neuropathology, and genotoxicity. Numerous studies investigated the effect of microcystin-LR exposure on the proteome using various animal models, and together they form a large database of potential protein biomarkers. However, it is extremely difficult to establish which proteins are specifically affected by microcystin-LR, and which represent a more general toxin response. The goal of this review was to filter out inconsistently reported protein abundancy changes after microcystin-LR exposure. We explored online search engines for studies investigating the effect of microcystin-LR toxicity on the proteome. The selected studies were examined to find overlapping protein abundancy changes. The protein names, their synonyms, and relevant orthologues were used as search terms. This review has produced, for the first time, a comprehensive list of proteins whose abundancies changed in at least two proteomic studies investigating microcystin-LR toxicity in rodents and zebrafish. Proteins involved in oxidoreductase activity and cytoskeletal processes are persistently affected by microcystin-LR exposure. Several oxidative stress markers are consistently altered across multiple proteomic studies, which correlates with findings from epidemiological studies that linked chronic microcystin exposure to increased incidences of liver and colorectal cancer. This study unveils which proteins’ abundancies are consistently altered after microcystin-LR exposure and opens new doors to understanding the mechanisms behind microcystin-LR toxicity.

中文翻译：

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微囊藻毒素-LR对蛋白质组的作用的比较综述。

蓝藻毒素对世界许多地区的人类和动物福利构成越来越大的威胁。微囊藻毒素-LR是最广泛研究的蓝藻毒素，并与肝毒性，神经病理学和遗传毒性有关。许多研究使用各种动物模型研究了微囊藻毒素-LR暴露对蛋白质组的影响，并且它们共同形成了潜在蛋白质生物标记物的大型数据库。但是，要确定哪种蛋白特别受微囊藻毒素-LR的影响是非常困难的，而哪种蛋白代表更普遍的毒素反应。这篇综述的目的是滤除微囊藻毒素-LR暴露后不一致报道的蛋白质丰度变化。我们探索了在线搜索引擎，以研究微囊藻毒素-LR毒性对蛋白质组的影响。检查选定的研究以发现重叠的蛋白质丰度变化。蛋白质名称，它们的同义词和相关的直向同源物被用作搜索词。这项综述首次在至少两项蛋白质组学研究中首次全面列出了蛋白质的丰度变化，这些蛋白质组研究了啮齿类动物和斑马鱼的微囊藻毒素-LR毒性。微囊藻毒素-LR暴露持续影响参与氧化还原酶活性和细胞骨架过程的蛋白质。在多个蛋白质组学研究中，几种氧化应激标记物一直在变化，这与流行病学研究的发现相关，流行病学研究发现慢性微囊藻毒素暴露与肝癌和大肠癌发病率增加相关。