The genetic changes accompanying a relocation of population to the captivity are mostly adverse and usually associated with deterioration of its status. These alterations are greater in small populations in which a loss of genetic variation limits the capability to adaptation. In this work, a status of small-sized guinea fowl and pheasant population relocated to the breeding is presented. These populations were analyzed based on the polymorphism of histone H1.c’, the protein for the first time identified as a heterogeneous. Histone H1.c’ was resolved in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel into the isoform H1.c’1 and H1.c’2, so its heterogeneity corresponds to the presence of homozygous phenotypes c’1 and c’2. Because no histone H1.c’ heterozygous phenotype was found, a significant phenotypic diversity in the guinea fowl (P = 0.023) and pheasant (P = 0.018) population was detected, together with its departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.0001). Both populations characterize an extreme loss of genetic diversity due to complete inbreeding (F = 1) and an impact of genetic drift which, according to the expected values for guinea fowl (0.192) and pheasant (0.182) population, may strongly diminish allele frequency in the following generations. Thus, condition of populations evaluated based on the histone H1.c’ polymorphic variants, recognized as reasonable informative genetic markers (polymorphism information content of guinea fowl = 0.4 and pheasant = 0.38), corresponds to reduction of genetic variability caused by inbreeding and genetic drift. Therefore, it seems that rearing in the captivity can bring negative effects that favor restriction of animals’ vitality and survival of the population.

中文翻译：

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基于组蛋白 H1.c' 多态性变异评估的珍珠鸡 (Numida meleagris) 和雉鸡 (Phasianus colchicus) 种群从野生动物转移到育种的状态

伴随人口迁移到圈养环境的遗传变化大多是不利的，通常与其状况恶化有关。这些改变在小种群中更大，其中遗传变异的丧失限制了适应能力。在这项工作中，介绍了小型珍珠鸡和雉鸡种群迁移到养殖的现状。这些群体基于组蛋白 H1.c' 的多态性进行分析，该蛋白质首次被确定为异质性。组蛋白 H1.c' 在二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中分解为同种型 H1.c'1 和 H1.c'2，因此其异质性对应于纯合表型 c'1 和 c'2 的存在。由于未发现组蛋白 H1.c' 杂合表型，因此珍珠鸡具有显着的表型多样性（P = 0. 023) 和雉鸡 (P = 0.018) 种群被检测到，以及它对哈代-温伯格平衡的偏离 (P < 0.0001)。由于完全近亲繁殖 (F = 1) 和遗传漂变的影响，这两个种群都表现出遗传多样性的极端丧失，根据珍珠鸡 (0.192) 和雉鸡 (0.182) 种群的预期值，这可能会大大降低接下来的几代人。因此，基于组蛋白 H1.c' 多态性变异评估的种群状况，被认为是合理的信息遗传标记（珍珠鸡的多态性信息含量 = 0.4 和雉鸡 = 0.38），对应于近亲繁殖和遗传漂变引起的遗传变异性的减少. 所以，