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Time and energy costs of different foraging choices in an avian generalist species
Movement Ecology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 , DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0188-y
Alejandro Sotillo 1, 2 , Jan M Baert 1, 3 , Wendt Müller 3 , Eric W M Stienen 4 , Amadeu M V M Soares 2 , Luc Lens 1
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Animals can obtain a higher foraging yield by optimizing energy expenditure or minimizing time costs. In this study, we assessed how individual variation in the relative use of marine and terrestrial foraging habitats relates to differences in the energy and time investments of an avian generalistic feeder (the Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus), and how this changes during the course of the chick-rearing period. We analyzed 5 years of GPS tracking data collected at the colony of Zeebrugge (Belgium). Cost proxies for energy expenditure (overall dynamic body acceleration) and time costs (trip durations and time spent away from the colony), together with trip frequency, were analyzed against the relative use of the marine and terrestrial habitats. The marine habitat was most often used by males and outside weekends, when fisheries are active. Marine trips implied higher energetic costs and lower time investments. As chicks became older, terrestrial trips became more prevalent, and trip frequency reached a peak towards 20 days after hatching of the first egg. Over a full chick rearing period, energy costs varied widely between individuals, but no trends were found across the marine foraging gradient. Conversely, a higher use of marine foraging implied lower overall amounts of time spent away from the colony. Foraging habitat choice was related to overall time costs incurred by gulls, but not to energy costs. The effect of chick age on foraging habitat choice and effort may be driven by energy expenditure constraints on the amount of marine foraging that can be performed. If time is less constraining to them, Lesser Black-backed Gulls may meet the increasing chick demand for food by switching from high to low energy demanding foraging strategies.

中文翻译:

鸟类通才物种不同觅食选择的时间和能量成本

动物可以通过优化能量消耗或最小化时间成本来获得更高的觅食产量。在这项研究中,我们评估了海洋和陆地觅食栖息地的相对使用的个体差异如何与鸟类综合饲养者(小黑背鸥,Larus fuscus)的能量和时间投资差异相关,以及这种变化在育雏期的过程。我们分析了在泽布吕赫(比利时)殖民地收集的 5 年 GPS 跟踪数据。针对海洋和陆地栖息地的相对使用,分析了能量消耗(整体动态身体加速度)和时间成本(旅行持续时间和离开殖民地的时间)的成本代理,以及旅行频率。当渔业活跃时,海洋栖息地最常被男性和周末外出使用。海上旅行意味着更高的能源成本和更少的时间投资。随着小鸡年龄的增长,陆上旅行变得更加普遍,旅行频率在第一个蛋孵化后的 20 天达到峰值。在整个雏鸡饲养期间,个体之间的能源成本差异很大,但在整个海洋觅食梯度中没有发现趋势。相反,更多地使用海洋觅食意味着离开殖民地的总时间更少。觅食栖息地的选择与海鸥的总体时间成本有关,但与能源成本无关。雏鸡年龄对觅食栖息地选择和努力的影响可能受到能量消耗限制对可以进行的海洋觅食量的影响。如果时间对他们来说不那么紧迫,
更新日期:2019-12-30
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