Relapse rates are high in cigarette smokers attempting to quit. Research suggests disturbed sleep may be associated with smoking resumption. We investigated nighttime sleep and daytime sleepiness in smokers, before and during a quit attempt without treatment. Fourteen smokers (16.2 ± 6.2 cigarettes per day; ages 27.6 ± 5.6 years) spent three consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory including polysomnographic recording. Smokers initiated a quit attempt after smoking one last cigarette immediately following the first night. Changes from smoking to abstinence in sleep variables and self-reported sleepiness were investigated. Results were compared to an age- and sex-matched group of non-smokers from a different study. Compared to after smoking, sleep latency dropped by 17 ± 7 min (mean ± SEM) during abstinence. When compared to controls, smokers had more disturbed sleep both before and during the quit attempt, with more stage N1 sleep, less stage N3 (i.e., slow wave) sleep, longer latency to stage N3, and more arousals, despite similar total sleep time. Daytime sleepiness was higher in the smokers compared to controls both before and during the quit attempt. All smokers in this study relapsed within 2 weeks. Smokers who had more stage N3 sleep before the quit attempt took longer to relapse. Although sleep latency was reduced after quitting, sleep disturbance persisted during the quit attempt, and daytime sleepiness remained. Our findings suggest that interventions increasing stage N3 sleep (e.g., through physical exercise or acoustic stimulation) may help to improve smoking cessation rates.

中文翻译：

---

试图未经治疗戒烟的吸烟者的睡眠障碍和白天嗜睡

试图戒烟的吸烟者的复发率很高。研究表明，睡眠障碍可能与重新吸烟有关。我们调查了吸烟者在未经治疗的戒烟尝试之前和期间的夜间睡眠和白天嗜睡。14 名吸烟者（每天 16.2 ± 6.2 支烟；年龄 27.6 ± 5.6 岁）在包括多导睡眠图记录在内的睡眠实验室连续三个晚上度过。吸烟者在第一个晚上吸完最后一支烟后开始尝试戒烟。研究了从吸烟到戒烟的睡眠变量和自我报告的困倦的变化。结果与来自不同研究的年龄和性别匹配的非吸烟者组进行了比较。与吸烟后相比，戒烟期间的睡眠潜伏期减少了 17 ± 7 分钟（平均值 ± SEM）。与对照相比，尽管总睡眠时间相似，但吸烟者在戒烟之前和戒烟期间的睡眠紊乱程度更高，N1 阶段睡眠更多，N3 阶段（即慢波）睡眠更少，N3 阶段潜伏期更长，唤醒更多。与对照组相比，吸烟者在戒烟尝试之前和戒烟期间的白天嗜睡程度更高。本研究中的所有吸烟者均在 2 周内复发。在尝试戒烟前有更多 N3 阶段睡眠的吸烟者需要更长时间才能复发。虽然戒烟后睡眠潜伏期减少，但在戒烟期间睡眠障碍持续存在，白天嗜睡仍然存在。我们的研究结果表明，增加 N3 阶段睡眠的干预措施（例如，通过体育锻炼或声学刺激）可能有助于提高戒烟率。尽管总睡眠时间相似，但 N3 阶段（即慢波）睡眠更少，N3 阶段的潜伏期更长，唤醒更多。与对照组相比，吸烟者在戒烟尝试之前和戒烟期间的白天嗜睡程度更高。本研究中的所有吸烟者均在 2 周内复发。在尝试戒烟前有更多 N3 阶段睡眠的吸烟者需要更长时间才能复发。虽然戒烟后睡眠潜伏期减少，但在戒烟期间睡眠障碍持续存在，白天嗜睡仍然存在。我们的研究结果表明，增加 N3 阶段睡眠的干预措施（例如，通过体育锻炼或声学刺激）可能有助于提高戒烟率。尽管总睡眠时间相似，但 N3 阶段（即慢波）睡眠更少，N3 阶段的潜伏期更长，唤醒更多。与对照组相比，吸烟者在戒烟尝试之前和戒烟期间的白天嗜睡程度更高。本研究中的所有吸烟者均在 2 周内复发。在尝试戒烟前有更多 N3 阶段睡眠的吸烟者需要更长时间才能复发。虽然戒烟后睡眠潜伏期减少，但在戒烟期间睡眠障碍持续存在，白天嗜睡仍然存在。我们的研究结果表明，增加 N3 阶段睡眠的干预措施（例如，通过体育锻炼或声学刺激）可能有助于提高戒烟率。与对照组相比，吸烟者在戒烟尝试之前和戒烟期间的白天嗜睡程度更高。本研究中的所有吸烟者均在 2 周内复发。在尝试戒烟前有更多 N3 阶段睡眠的吸烟者需要更长时间才能复发。虽然戒烟后睡眠潜伏期减少，但在戒烟期间睡眠障碍持续存在，白天嗜睡仍然存在。我们的研究结果表明，增加 N3 阶段睡眠的干预措施（例如，通过体育锻炼或声学刺激）可能有助于提高戒烟率。与对照组相比，吸烟者在戒烟尝试之前和戒烟期间的白天嗜睡程度更高。本研究中的所有吸烟者均在 2 周内复发。在尝试戒烟前有更多 N3 阶段睡眠的吸烟者需要更长时间才能复发。虽然戒烟后睡眠潜伏期减少，但在戒烟期间睡眠障碍持续存在，白天嗜睡仍然存在。我们的研究结果表明，增加 N3 阶段睡眠的干预措施（例如，通过体育锻炼或声学刺激）可能有助于提高戒烟率。