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Natural Density and the Quantifier “Most”
Journal of Logic, Language and Information ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10849-019-09312-4
Selçuk Topal , Ahmet Çevik

This paper proposes a formalization of the class of sentences quantified by most , which is also interpreted as proportion of or majority of depending on the domain of discourse. We consider sentences of the form “ Most A are B ”, where A and B are plural nouns and the interpretations of A and B are infinite subsets of $$ \mathbb {N} $$ N . There are two widely used semantics for Most A are B : (i) $$C(A \cap B) > C(A\setminus B) $$ C ( A ∩ B ) > C ( A \ B ) and (ii) $$ C(A\cap B) > \dfrac{C(A)}{2} $$ C ( A ∩ B ) > C ( A ) 2 , where C ( X ) denotes the cardinality of a given finite set X . Although (i) is more descriptive than (ii), it also produces a considerable amount of insensitivity for certain sets. Since the quantifier most has a solid cardinal behaviour under the interpretation majority and has a slightly more statistical behaviour under the interpretation proportional of , we consider an alternative approach in deciding quantity-related statements regarding infinite sets. For this we introduce a new semantics using natural density for sentences in which interpretations of their nouns are infinite subsets of $$ \mathbb {N} $$ N , along with a list of the axiomatization of the concept of natural density. In other words, we take the standard definition of the semantics of most but define it as applying to finite approximations of infinite sets computed to the limit.

中文翻译:

自然密度和量词“大多数”

本文提出了由 most 量化的句子类别的形式化,这也被解释为取决于话语域的比例或多数。我们考虑“Most A are B”形式的句子,其中 A 和 B 是复数名词,A 和 B 的解释是 $$ \mathbb {N} $$ N 的无限子集。大多数 A 有两种广泛使用的语义是 B :(i) $$C(A \cap B) > C(A\setminus B) $$ C ( A ∩ B ) > C ( A \ B ) 和 (ii ) $$ C(A\cap B) > \dfrac{C(A)}{2} $$ C ( A ∩ B ) > C ( A ) 2 ,其中 C ( X ) 表示给定有限集的基数X 。尽管 (i) 比 (ii) 更具描述性,但它也对某些集合产生了相当大的不敏感性。由于量词 most 在解释多数情况下具有可靠的基数行为,并且在 的解释比例下具有稍微更多的统计行为,我们考虑了一种替代方法来决定关于无限集的与数量相关的陈述。为此,我们为句子引入了一种使用自然密度的新语义,其中名词的解释是 $$ \mathbb {N} $$ N 的无限子集,以及自然密度概念的公理化列表。换句话说,我们采用 most 语义的标准定义,但将其定义为适用于计算到极限的无限集合的有限近似。为此,我们为句子引入了一种使用自然密度的新语义,其中名词的解释是 $$ \mathbb {N} $$ N 的无限子集,以及自然密度概念的公理化列表。换句话说,我们采用 most 语义的标准定义,但将其定义为适用于计算到极限的无限集合的有限近似。为此,我们为句子引入了使用自然密度的新语义,其中名词的解释是 $$ \mathbb {N} $$ N 的无限子集,以及自然密度概念的公理化列表。换句话说,我们采用 most 语义的标准定义,但将其定义为适用于计算到极限的无限集合的有限近似。
更新日期:2020-01-03
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