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Exploring the use of crowdsourced geographic information in defence: challenges and opportunities
Journal of Geographical Systems ( IF 2.417 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10109-018-0282-5
Nikolaos Papapesios , Claire Ellul , Amanda Shakir , Glen Hart

Geographic data are used by United Kingdom (UK) defence for purposes including peacekeeping, humanitarian aid and disaster relief, and fighting wars. The geographic extent of defence data covers the world, with greater focus directed towards areas considered to be of current interest. Traditionally, these data have been officially sourced, e.g. via National Mapping Agencies, but there is now increasing interest in the potential of crowdsourced geographic data to supplement authoritative data where they are not available, outdated or incomplete. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) and social media have the potential to provide this needed missing information. This paper presents initial work carried out in identifying the potential of crowdsourced geographic information in defence. We first provide a short description of the role of UK defence and review the existing literature on crowdsourced geographic information in defence, as well as generic VGI quality assessment methods. We then explore the potential of crowdsourced data in real-world applications: the conflation of VGI and social media with official data for effective decision-making in war zones, and the potential for crowdsourcing to increase effective collaboration between machines and humans in disaster situations. Based on our review, we outline specific research challenges for deploying crowdsourced geographic information in defence, focussing on data quality and fitness-for-purpose assessment. Defence-specific constraints include the need for rapid quality assessment processes and the need to communicate high-quality information effectively in situations where rapid decision-making is required. Ethical issues are also of fundamental importance.

中文翻译:

探索国防中众包地理信息的使用:挑战和机遇

联合王国(UK)国防部门将地理数据用于维持和平,人道主义援助和救灾以及打仗等目的。国防数据的地理范围覆盖了整个世界,重点更加集中在当前被认为感兴趣的领域。传统上,这些数据是通过例如国家制图机构正式获得的,但现在人们越来越关注众包地理数据在无法获得,过时或不完整的地方补充权威数据的潜力。自愿性地理信息(VGI)和社交媒体有可能提供所需的缺失信息。本文介绍了初步工作,以确定防御中众包地理信息的潜力。我们首先简要介绍英国国防的作用,并回顾有关国防众包地理信息的现有文献以及通用的VGI质量评估方法。然后,我们探索了在实际应用中众包数据的潜力:将VGI和社交媒体与官方数据相结合,以在战区进行有效的决策,以及众包化的潜力,以提高灾难情况下机器与人之间的有效协作。根据我们的评论,我们概述了在国防中部署众包地理信息的特定研究挑战,重点是数据质量和适用性评估。特定于国防的限制条件包括需要快速的质量评估流程,以及在需要快速决策的情况下有效地传达高质量信息的需求。道德问题也至关重要。
更新日期:2018-12-17
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