For a successful market introduction of Level 3 Automated Driving Systems (L3 ADS), a careful evaluation of human–machine interfaces (HMIs) is necessary. User preference has often focused on usability, user experience, acceptance and trust. However, a thorough evaluation of measures when applied to ADS HMIs is missing. We investigated the appropriateness of nine self-reported measures in terms of reliability and validity. A sample of N = 57 participants completed two 15-min simulator drives with a L3 ADS. They experienced two variations of a HMI that differed in the degree of complying with common guidelines. Consistency analysis identified scales that showed insufficient reliability. Validity examination revealed a three-factorial structure of self-reports for construct validity. These factors are design-orientation, usability-orientation and acceptance-orientation. All measures were sensitive to the HMI manipulation and therefore exhibited criterion-related validity. The present study provides researchers and practitioners in the area of ADS with a recommendation for self-report measure application.

中文翻译：

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自动驾驶中人机界面评估的自我报告措施

为了成功将 3 级自动驾驶系统 (L3 ADS) 推向市场，必须仔细评估人机界面 (HMI)。用户偏好通常侧重于可用性、用户体验、接受度和信任度。但是，缺少对应用于 ADS HMI 的措施的全面评估。我们调查了九项自我报告措施在信度和效度方面的适当性。N = 57 名参与者的样本使用 L3 ADS 完成了两次 15 分钟的模拟器驾驶。他们体验了 HMI 的两种变体，它们在遵守通用准则的程度上有所不同。一致性分析确定了可靠性不足的量表。效度检验揭示了结构效度自我报告的三因素结构。这些因素是面向设计的，可用性导向和接受导向。所有措施都对 HMI 操作敏感，因此表现出与标准相关的有效性。本研究为 ADS 领域的研究人员和从业人员提供了自我报告测量应用的建议。