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To trade in the field: the molecular determinants of arbuscular mycorrhiza nutrient exchange
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-26 , DOI: 10.1186/s40538-019-0150-7
Alessandra Salvioli di Fossalunga , Mara Novero

Traditionally, the most popular sentences used to describe the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis sound like: “AM fungi form one of the most widespread root symbioses, associating with 80% of land plants. In this symbiosis, the fungus provides the plant host with mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, receiving in turn carbohydrates.” In the last years, the mycorrhiza research field has witnessed a big step forward in the knowledge of the physiology and the mechanisms governing this important symbiosis, that helped plants colonizing the lands more than 400 MYA. The huge expansion of the -omics studies produced the first results on the fungal side, with genomes and transcriptomes of AM fungi being published. In parallel, the need for more sustainable agricultural practices has boosted the research in the field of the plant symbioses, with the final aim of improving plant productivity employing symbiotic microbes as bioinoculants. Beside all the other (positive) effects that mycorrhizal fungi exert on plants, the nutrient exchange is considered as the keystone, and the core mechanism governing this symbiosis. This review will focus on the molecular determinants underneath this exchange, both on the fungal and the plant side. Coming back to the sentence that claims this symbiosis as based on phosphate provided to the plant in return to carbohydrate, we will find that some concepts of this view still stand, while some others have been partly revolutionized.

中文翻译:

要在该领域进行交易:丛枝菌根营养交换的分子决定因素

传统上,用于描述丛枝菌根共生的最流行句子听起来像:“ AM真菌是最广泛的根部共生体之一,与80%的陆地植物相关。在这种共生中,真菌为植物寄主提供了矿物质营养素,尤其是磷酸盐,进而接收了碳水化合物。” 在过去的几年中,菌根研究领域在生理学和控制这种重要共生的机制方面迈出了一大步,该共生帮助植物在超过400 MYA的土地上定居。组学研究的巨大扩展在真菌方面产生了第一个结果,已发表了AM真菌的基因组和转录组。同时,对更加可持续的农业实践的需求也促进了植物共生领域的研究,最终目的是利用共生微生物作为生物杀菌剂来提高植物的生产力。除菌根真菌对植物产生的所有其他(正面)作用外,营养交换被认为是基石,也是控制这种共生的核心机制。这篇综述将集中在真菌和植物方面这种交换下的分子决定簇上。回到声称这种共生是基于提供给植物的磷酸盐作为碳水化合物的转化的句子中,我们会发现这种观点的某些概念仍然存在,而另一些则被部分革新。除菌根真菌对植物产生的所有其他(正面)作用外,营养交换被认为是基石,也是控制这种共生的核心机制。这篇综述将集中在真菌和植物方面这种交换下的分子决定簇上。回到声称这种共生是基于提供给植物的磷酸盐作为碳水化合物的转化的句子中,我们会发现这种观点的某些概念仍然存在,而另一些则被部分革新。除菌根真菌对植物产生的所有其他(正面)作用外,营养交换被认为是基石,也是控制这种共生的核心机制。这次审查将集中在真菌和植物方面这种交换下的分子决定因素。回到声称这种共生是基于提供给植物的磷酸盐作为碳水化合物的转化的句子中,我们会发现这种观点的某些概念仍然存在,而另一些则被部分革新。
更新日期:2019-06-26
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