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Faeces as a novel material to estimate lyssavirus prevalence in bat populations.
Zoonoses and Public Health ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-08 , DOI: 10.1111/zph.12672
Lineke Begeman 1 , Engbert A Kooi 2, 3 , Erik van Weezep 2 , Marco W G van de Bildt 1 , Chantal B E M Reusken 1, 4 , Peter H C Lina 5 , Marion P G Koopmans 1 , Judith M A van den Brand 6 , Thijs Kuiken 1
Affiliation  

Rabies is caused by infection with a lyssavirus. Bat rabies is of concern for both public health and bat conservation. The current method for lyssavirus prevalence studies in bat populations is by oral swabbing, which is invasive for the bats, dangerous for handlers, time‐consuming and expensive. In many situations, such sampling is not feasible, and hence, our understanding of epidemiology of bat rabies is limited. Faeces are usually easy to collect from bat colonies without disturbing the bats and thus could be a practical and feasible material for lyssavirus prevalence studies. To further explore this idea, we performed virological analysis on faecal pellets and oral swabs of seven serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) that were positive for European bat 1 lyssavirus in the brain. We also performed immunohistochemical and virological analyses on digestive tract samples of these bats to determine potential sources of lyssavirus in the faeces. We found that lyssavirus detection by RT‐qPCR was nearly as sensitive in faecal pellets (6/7 bats positive, 86%) as in oral swabs (7/7 bats positive, 100%). The likely source of lyssavirus in the faeces was virus excreted into the oral cavity from the salivary glands (5/6 bats positive by immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR) or tongue (3/4 bats positive by immunohistochemistry) and swallowed with saliva. Virus could not be isolated from any of the seven faecal pellets, suggesting the lyssavirus detected in faeces is not infectious. Lyssavirus detection in the majority of faecal pellets of infected bats shows that this novel material should be further explored for lyssavirus prevalence studies in bats.

中文翻译:

粪便作为一种新的材料来估计蝙蝠人群中的狂犬病病毒感染率。

狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒感染引起的。蝙蝠狂犬病与公共卫生和蝙蝠保护均息息相关。目前在蝙蝠人群中进行狂犬病病毒流行性研究的方法是通过口腔擦拭,这对蝙蝠具有侵入性,对操作者而言是危险的,既费时又昂贵。在许多情况下,这样的采样是不可行的,因此,我们对蝙蝠狂犬病流行病学的理解是有限的。粪便通常很容易从蝙蝠菌落中收集而不会打扰蝙蝠,因此对于狂犬病病毒的流行研究可能是一种实用可行的材料。为了进一步探讨这个想法,我们对7种serotine蝙蝠(Eptesicus serotinus)的粪便颗粒和口腔拭子进行了病毒学分析)在大脑中对欧洲蝙蝠1狂犬病病毒呈阳性。我们还对这些蝙蝠的消化道样品进行了免疫组织化学和病毒学分析,以确定粪便中狂犬病病毒的潜在来源。我们发现通过RT-qPCR检测到的狂犬病病毒在粪便颗粒(6/7蝙蝠阳性,86%)中与在口拭子(7/7蝙蝠阳性,100%)中几乎一样敏感。粪便中的狂犬病病毒可能是由唾液腺(免疫组织化学和RT-qPCR阳性的5/6蝙蝠)或舌头(免疫组织化学阳性的3/4蝙蝠)排入口腔并吞咽了唾液。无法从七个粪便颗粒中分离出病毒,这表明在粪便中检测到的狂犬病病毒没有传染性。
更新日期:2019-12-08
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