In this paper, we show that reproducibility is a severe problem that concerns simulation models. The reproducibility problem challenges the concept of numerical solution and hence the conception of what a simulation actually does. We provide an expanded picture of simulation that makes visible those steps of simulation modeling that are numerically relevant, but often escape notice in accounts of simulation. Examining these steps and analyzing a number of pertinent examples, we argue that numerical solutions are importantly different from usual mathematical solutions. They are do not merely approximate the latter, but introduce new problems, including issues of artificiality, stability, and well-posedness. Consequently, simulation modelling can attain reproducibility only to a certain degree because it is working with numerical solutions (in a sense we specify in the paper).

中文翻译：

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再现性和数值解的概念

在本文中，我们表明可重复性是一个涉及仿真模型的严重问题。再现性问题挑战了数值解的概念，从而挑战了模拟实际作用的概念。我们提供了模拟的扩展图片，使那些在数值上相关的模拟建模步骤可见，但在模拟帐户中通常会引起注意。检查这些步骤并分析一些相关的例子，我们认为数值解与通常的数学解有很大不同。它们不仅近似后者，而且引入了新问题，包括人工、稳定性和适定性问题。最后，