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Water Security in the Galápagos: Socioecological Determinants and Health Implications
EcoHealth ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01456-w
Khristopher Nicholas 1, 2 , Margaret Bentley 1, 2 , Enrique Terán 3, 4 , Amanda Thompson 1, 2, 5
Affiliation  

Water security is strongly associated with important health outcomes and has many socioecological determinants. Several studies have documented the social determinants of water security and impacts of water security on health, independently. Yet few have examined both components in one setting. Using data from Ecuador’s nationally representative health survey (ENSANUT-ECU), we proposed a new methodological framework for assessing water security in the Galápagos and assessed the relationship between socioecological indicators and water security among 2701 individuals in 693 households. We then tested the link between water security and childhood stunting using multilevel mixed effects logistic regressions controlling for household clustering. We found that being higher income in rural settings is significantly protective of water quality (OR 7.35) and increasing household size is associated with reduced water access (OR 0.44). We found no impact of water insecurity on childhood stunting. We observed a marked divergence in water security between islands and discussed potential underlying structural determinants. Understanding the structural predictors of water security and health is a necessary step in improving local health outcomes in the Galápagos. The social and physical factors leading to this water security environment may also be shared by similar locations, broadening the application of these findings.

中文翻译:

加拉帕戈斯的水安全:社会生态决定因素和健康影响

水安全与重要的健康结果密切相关,并具有许多社会生态决定因素。多项研究独立记录了水安全的社会决定因素以及水安全对健康的影响。然而,很少有人在一个环境中检查过这两个组成部分。利用厄瓜多尔全国代表性健康调查 (ENSANUT-ECU) 的数据,我们提出了一种评估加拉帕戈斯群岛水安全的新方法框架,并评估了 693 户 2701 个人的社会生态指标与水安全之间的关系。然后,我们使用控制家庭聚类的多级混合效应逻辑回归测试了水安全与儿童发育迟缓之间的联系。我们发现,农村地区的高收入可以显着保护水质(OR 7. 35) 并且家庭规模的增加与供水减少有关 (OR 0.44)。我们发现水不安全对儿童发育迟缓没有影响。我们观察到岛屿之间在水安全方面存在显着差异,并讨论了潜在的潜在结构决定因素。了解水安全和健康的结构预测因素是改善加拉帕戈斯当地健康结果的必要步骤。导致这种水安全环境的社会和物理因素也可能由相似的地点共享,从而扩大了这些发现的应用范围。了解水安全和健康的结构预测因素是改善加拉帕戈斯当地健康结果的必要步骤。导致这种水安全环境的社会和物理因素也可能由相似的地方共享,从而扩大了这些发现的应用范围。了解水安全和健康的结构预测因素是改善加拉帕戈斯当地健康结果的必要步骤。导致这种水安全环境的社会和物理因素也可能由相似的地点共享,从而扩大了这些发现的应用范围。
更新日期:2019-12-06
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