BackgroundCurrent knowledge of urban bird ecology and biodiversity relies on evidence from cities of the Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern Hemisphere is underrepresented. Santiago is a large city from South America, located in central Chile, which is both a biodiversity hotspot and an Endemic Bird Area. This work is a synthesis, which aims to provide a diversity account for Santiago, and to describe the broad geographic distribution and bird functional patterns.MethodsWe synthesized a seven-year (2009–2016) bird register from the eBird database (21,865 georeferenced registers at Santiago) into a single avifaunal account, along with the observed number of individuals. We complemented these registers by using available literature about Santiago’s avifauna (28 references). We investigated the proportion of native/exotic, migrants/residents, conservation categories, and urban nesting status. We classified Santiago’s birds into seven trophic guilds. We plotted species richness and number of individuals for each functional group, by interpolating trough the Inverse Distance Weighted Method.ResultsWe found that Santiago’s avifauna (46 species) is composed mainly by native (41), resident (38), non-threatened species (46) that breed inside the city (31). Some functional groups inhabit a large portion of Santiago’s urban surface, reaching high values of richness and abundance. Among these groups are the native, urban-nesters and resident species; even though exotics possess low species richness (5), they are abundant and inhabit the complete urban surface of the city.The dominant trophic guilds are omnivorous (11) and granivorous (10). Insectivorous are the third most abundant trophic guild, and show the highest species richness (13).ConclusionThe functional groups with lower species richness are less abundant and display reduced and patchy distributions in Santiago. This is probably because of the low availability of suitable habitats and/or restricted food supply (migrants, carnivorous, nectarivorous, frugivorous, herbivorous and piscivorous). The high insectivorous richness reported in Santiago, along with similar patterns reported in several cities in the Neotropics, provides evidence to postulate a pattern of high species richness of this guild in cities across this biogeographic realm.

中文翻译：

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基于公民的平台揭示了南半球大城市内部功能群体的分布：电子鸟和圣地亚哥（智利中部）的城市鸟类

背景目前关于城市鸟类生态和生物多样性的知识依赖于来自北半球城市的证据，而南半球的代表性不足。圣地亚哥是来自南美洲的大城市，位于智利中部，既是生物多样性热点地区，也是地方鸟类区。这项工作是一个综合，旨在提供圣地亚哥的多样性解释，并描述广泛的地理分布和鸟类功能模式。方法我们从 eBird 数据库（21,865 个地理参考登记册Santiago) 合并到一个单一的鸟类账户中，以及观察到的个体数量。我们通过使用有关圣地亚哥鸟类的现有文献（28 篇参考文献）对这些登记册进行了补充。我们调查了本地/外来人口、移民/居民的比例，保护类别和城市筑巢状态。我们将圣地亚哥的鸟类分为七个营养公会。我们通过逆距离加权法进行插值，绘制了每个功能组的物种丰富度和个体数量。 结果我们发现圣地亚哥鸟类（46 种）主要由本地（41）、居民（38）、非受威胁物种（ 46) 在城市里繁殖 (31)。一些功能群体居住在圣地亚哥的大部分城市表面，达到了丰富和丰富的高值。这些群体包括本地、城市筑巢者和居民物种；尽管外来物种的物种丰富度较低 (5)，但它们数量众多，并且栖息在城市的整个城市表面。占优势的营养行会是杂食性 (11) 和食谷性 (10)。食虫类是第三丰富的营养类群，物种丰富度最高(13)。结论物种丰富度较低的功能组在圣地亚哥的丰度较低，分布减少且呈片状分布。这可能是因为合适栖息地的可用性低和/或食物供应有限（移民、肉食性、食蜜性、食果性、草食性和鱼食性）。圣地亚哥报告的食虫物种丰富度高，以及新热带地区的几个城市报告的类似模式，提供了证据，可以假设该生物地理领域的城市中该行会的物种丰富度高。这可能是因为合适栖息地的可用性低和/或食物供应有限（移民、肉食性、食蜜性、食果性、草食性和鱼食性）。圣地亚哥报告的食虫物种丰富度高，以及新热带地区的几个城市报告的类似模式，提供了证据，可以假设该生物地理领域的城市中该行会的物种丰富度高。这可能是因为合适栖息地的可用性低和/或食物供应有限（移民、肉食性、食蜜性、食果性、草食性和鱼食性）。圣地亚哥报告的食虫物种丰富度高，以及新热带地区的几个城市报告的类似模式，提供了证据，可以假设该生物地理领域的城市中该行会的物种丰富度高。